General
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Turmeric or Indian saffron (Curcuma longa) is used as a seasoning, in medicine, and to make a yellow dye. It is an areal tradition for prominently yellow-coloured birds to be called 'turmeric birds' in Thai, Lao, Mon, Malay, and other Southeast Asian languages.
Popularly, the Thai name นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn 'turmeric-bird' refers to yellow birds without regard to their scientific classification, including orioles, ioras, and even pet canaries.
In ornithological Thai, the ioras are given the name นกขมิ้นน้อย nók kʰa-mîn nóaay 'little turmeric-bird', a term which applies to all ioras regardless of actual colour.
In contrast, the unqualified name นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn 'turmeric-bird' has been restricted to the orioles, again regardless of colour.
Species names
ABOUT THIS TABLESCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
THAI |
S.E. ASIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
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| Aegithina | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Aegithina tiphia |
Common iora Black-winged iora |
นกขมิ้นน้อยธรรมดา nók kʰa-mîn nóaay tʰam-ma-daa 'common little turmeric-bird' |
นกขมิ้นน้อยสวน nók kʰa-mîn nóaay sŭan 'garden little turmeric-bird' (alt in 21) |
Burung Kunyit Kecil 'small turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (26, 27) Burung Kunyit Kacat 'kacat turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (24) |
Burung Cipoh Kacat 'kacat iora (bird)' |
Chim nghệ ngực vàng 'yellow-breasted turmeric-bird' (12, 34) |
黑翅雀鹎 (黑翅雀鵯) 'black-winged sparrow-bulbul' |
ヒメコノハドリ (姫木の葉鳥) hime konoha-dori 'princess leaf-bird' |
| Aegithina viridissima |
Green iora | นกขมิ้นน้อยสีเขียว nók kʰa-mîn nóaay sĭi-kʰĭaw 'green little turmeric-bird' |
Burung Kunyit Hijau 'green turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (26, 27) |
Burung Cipoh Jantung 'heart iora (bird)' |
Chim nghệ ngực lục 'green-breasted turmeric-bird' (12) |
绿雀鹎 (綠雀鵯) 'green sparrow-bulbul' |
ミドリヒメコノハドリ (緑姫木の葉鳥) midori hime konoha-dori 'green princess leaf-bird' |
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| Aegithina lafresnayei |
Great iora | นกขมิ้นน้อยปีกสีเรียบ nók kʰa-mîn nóaay pìik-sĭi-rîap 'plain-winged little turmeric-bird' |
นกขมิ้นน้อยชนิดใหญ่ nók kʰa-mîn nóaay cʰa-nít yày 'large-kind little turmeric-bird' (alt in 21) |
Burung Kunyit Rimba 'jungle turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (26, 27) Burung Kunyit Bukit 'hill turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (24) |
Chim nghệ lớn 'large turmeric-bird' (12, 34) |
大绿雀鹎 (大綠雀鵯) 'large green sparrow-bulbul' |
オオヒメコノハドリ (大姫木の葉鳥) ō hime konoha-dori 'large princess leaf-bird' |
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Popularly, the Thai name นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn refers to yellow birds without regard to their scientific classification, including orioles, ioras, and even pet canaries. In ornithological Thai นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn 'turmeric-bird' is used for the orioles and นกขมิ้นน้อย nók kʰa-mîn nóaay 'little turmeric-bird' is used for the ioras.
Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999
นกในเมืองไทย รศ. โอภาส ขอบเขตต (Birds in Thailand, by Assoc. Prof. Obhas Khobkhet), in five volumes, Sarakadee Press, Bangkok, 1998-2001
Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Perhilitan (Jabatam Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Semenanjung Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 1981
(List of the Names of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1981)
Previously online version of: Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Perhilitan (Jabatam Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Semenanjung Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 1981
List of the Names of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1981
The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 1 - Non-passerines by Wells, David R., Academic Press, London 1999
A Field Guide to the Birds of West Malaysia and Singapore by Jeyarajasingam, Allen and Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999
The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 - Passerines by Wells, David R., Christopher Helm, A&C Black, London 2007
A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (second edition) by Jeyarajasingham, Allen, Illustrations by Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012
A Field Guide to the Birds of Java and Bali (second edition) by MacKinnon, John, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta 1990
Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009
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Tool tips by Walter Zorn |
