General
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Turmeric or Indian saffron (Curcuma longa) is used as a seasoning, in medicine, and to make a yellow dye. It is an areal tradition for prominently yellow-coloured birds to be called 'turmeric birds' in Thai, Lao, Mon, Malay, Vietnamese, and other Southeast Asian languages.
Popularly, the Thai name นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn 'turmeric-bird' refers to yellow birds without regard to their scientific classification, including orioles, ioras, and even pet canaries.
In ornithological Thai, นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn 'turmeric-bird' is restricted to the orioles, and has been extended to all orioles, yellow or not.
Ornithological Thai (unlike ornithological Malaysian) systematically distinguishes the ioras from the orioles by size as นกขมิ้นน้อย nók kʰa-mîn nóaay 'little turmeric-bird'. This term refers to all ioras, again regardless of actual colour.
Species names
ABOUT THIS TABLE| ORIOLINAE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
THAI |
S.E. ASIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
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| Oriolus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
| Oriolus xanthonotus | Dark-throated Oriole | นกขมิ้นหัวดำเล็ก nók kʰa-mîn hŭa-dam lék 'small black-headed turmeric-bird' |
Burung Kunyit Leher Hitam 'black-necked turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (26) Burung Kunyit Bercoreng 'streaked turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (27) Burung Dendang Senja 'twilight crow (bird)' (24) |
Burung Kepudang Hutan 'forest oriole (bird)' |
黑喉黄鹂 (黑喉黃鸝) 'black-throated oriole' |
ムナフコウライウグイス (胸斑高麗鴬) muna-fu kōrai uguisu 'stripe-breasted Korean warbler' |
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Oriolus trailli |
Maroon oriole | นกขมิ้นแดง nók kʰa-mîn daeeŋ 'red turmeric-bird' |
Chim Tử anh 'purple oriole (bird)' (12, 34) |
朱鹂 (朱鸝) 'vermilion oriole' Taiwan: (朱鹂) 朱鸝 'vermilion oriole' |
ヒゴロモ (緋衣) hi-goromo 'scarlet robe' |
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| Oriolus mellianus |
Silver Oriole Stresemann's Maroon Oriole Mell's maroon oriole |
นกขมิ้นขาว nók kʰa-mîn kʰăaw 'white turmeric-bird' |
鹊鹂 (鵲鸝) 'magpie oriole' (2, 4) 鹊色鹂 (鵲色鸝) 'magpie-coloured oriole' (1, 3, 5) |
ギンイロヒゴロモ (銀色緋衣) gin-iro hi-goromo 'silver scarlet-robe' |
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| Oriolus xanthornus |
Black-hooded oriole Asian black-headed oriole Black-headed oriole |
นกขมิ้นหัวดำใหญ่ nók kʰa-mîn hŭa-dam yày 'large black-headed turmeric-bird' |
Chim Vàng anh đầu đen 'black-headed yellow oriole (bird)' (12, 34) |
Burung Kunyit Topeng Hitam 'black-masked turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (26) Burung Kunyit Belukar 'thicket turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (dictionary) Burung Dendang Belukar 'thicket crow (bird)' (24) |
Burung Kepudang Kerudung-hitam 'black-veiled oriole (bird)' |
黑头黄鹂 (黑頭黃鸝) 'black-headed yellow oriole' |
ズグロコウラウグイス (頭黒高麗鴬) zu-guro kōrai uguisu 'black-headed Korean warbler' |
|
| Oriolus chinensis |
Black-naped oriole | นกขมิ้นท้ายทอยดำ nók kʰa-mîn tʰáay-tʰoaay-dam 'black-naped turmeric-bird' |
Chim Vàng anh
Trung Quốc 'Chinese yellow oriole (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Burung Kunyit Besar 'large turmeric-bird' (turmeric-bird=iora/oriole) (26, 27) Burung Dendang Selayang 'Selayang dendang-bird ' (Selayang = place name near Batu Caves in Selangor) (24) |
Burung Kepudang Kuduk-hitam 'black-naped oriole (bird)' |
黑枕黄鹂 (黑枕黃鸝) 'black-naped yellow oriole' Taiwan: (黄鹂) 黃鸝 'yellow-oriole' |
コウライウグイス (高麗鴬) kōrai uguisu 'Korean warbler' |
|
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
| Oriolus tenuirostris | Slender-billed oriole | นกขมิ้นปากเรียว nók kʰa-mîn pàak-riaw 'slender-billed turmeric-bird' |
Chim Vàng anh lưng xám 'grey-backed yellow oriole (bird)' (34) |
细嘴黄鹂 (細嘴黃鸝) 'narrow-billed yellow oriole' |
ミナミコウライウグイス (南高麗鴬) minami kōrai uguisu 'southern Korean warbler' |
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Popularly, the Thai name นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn 'turmeric-bird' refers to yellow birds without regard to their scientific classification, including orioles, ioras, and even pet canaries. In ornithological Thai นกขมิ้น nók kʰa-mîn 'turmeric-bird' is used for the orioles and นกขมิ้นน้อย nók kʰa-mîn nóaay 'little turmeric-bird' is used for the ioras.
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999
Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000
Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Perhilitan (Jabatam Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Semenanjung Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 1981
(List of the Names of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1981)
The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 1 - Non-passerines by Wells, David R., Academic Press, London 1999
A Field Guide to the Birds of West Malaysia and Singapore by Jeyarajasingam, Allen and Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999
The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 - Passerines by Wells, David R., Christopher Helm, A&C Black, London 2007
Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009
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