General
Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Pinyin reflects Mandarin pronunciation; for some dialect names, it is no more than a polite fiction. Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.
The Chinese term for 'crane' is 鹤 . Cranes are also known as 仙鹤 'fairy cranes' (often used specifically for the Manchurian or Red-crowned Crane, Grus japonensis). Chinese has a rich and sometimes confusing variety of names for the cranes -- see alternative names in the table of species below.
The Chinese name relating to 'fairy cranes' (also borrowed into Japanese) refers to the Chinese legend that the crane carries an immortal or sage ('fairy') on its back when he visits the mortal world.
The crane is a symbol of longevity in East Asian culture and is often depicted in traditional paintings and statues.
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties in China, the crane was depicted in 'Mandarin Squares' (known as 补子 ) attached to official uniforms of high-ranking bureaucrats. The Red-crowned Crane (仙鹤) was the insignia of rank for Grade One, the highest rank of civilian official.
Species names
GRUINAE | ||||||||
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SCIENTIFIC & ENGLISH |
CHINESE |
EAST |
SOUTH |
NORTH |
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Leucogeranus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Japanese |
Korean |
Vietnamese |
Mongolian |
Leucogeranus leucogeranus Grus leucogeranus |
Siberian crane Great white crane Siberian white crane |
Grus leucogeranus: 白鹤 (白鶴) 'white crane' |
黑袖鹤 (黑袖鶴) 'black-sleeved crane' (FS) 西伯利亚白鹤 (西伯利亞鶴) 'Siberian white crane' (FS) |
Grus leucogeranus: ソデグロヅル (袖黒鶴) sode-guro-zuru 'black-sleeved crane' |
Grus leucogeranus: 시베리아흰두루미 siberia-huin-durumi 'Siberian white crane' |
Grus leucogeranus: Цагаан тогоруу ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ tsagaaŋ togoruu 'white crane' Inner M: Grus leucogeranus: Цагаан тогоруу ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ tsagaaŋ togoruu 'white crane' (32) |
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Antigone | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Japanese |
Korean |
Vietnamese |
Mongolian |
Antigone canadensis Grus canadensis |
Sandhill crane | Grus canadensis: 沙丘鹤 (沙丘鶴) 'sand hill crane' |
加拿大鹤 (加拿大鶴) 'Canadian crane' (FS) 棕鹤 (棕鶴) 'brown crane' (FS) |
Grus canadensis: カナダヅル (カナダ鶴) kanada-zuru 'Canadian crane' |
Grus canadensis: 캐나다두루미 kaenada-durumi 'Canadian crane' |
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Antigone vipio Grus vipio |
White-naped crane Japanese white-naped crane White-necked crane |
Grus vipio: 白枕鹤 (白枕鶴) 'white-naped crane' |
Grus vipio: (白枕鹤) 白枕鶴 'white-naped crane' |
红面鹤 (紅面鶴) 'red-faced crane' (FS) |
Grus vipio: マナヅル (真鶴) mana-zuru 'true crane' |
Grus vipio: 재두루미 jae-durumi 'jae crane' |
Grus vipio: Цэн тогоруу ᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ tseŋ togoruu 'white-silk crane' Inner M: Grus vipio: Тогоруу ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ togoruu 'crane' (32) |
|
Antigone antigone Grus antigone |
Sarus crane | Grus antigone: 赤颈鹤 (赤頸鶴) 'red-necked crane' |
大鹤 (大鶴) 'large crane' 印度鹤 (印度鶴) 'Indian crane' |
オオヅル (大鶴) ō-zuru 'large crane' |
Grus antigone: Chim Sếu cổ trụi 'bare-necked crane (bird)' (12, 34) or Chim Sếu đầu đỏ 'red-headed crane (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
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Grus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Japanese |
Korean |
Vietnamese |
Mongolian |
Grus virgo Anthropoides virgo |
Demoiselle crane | Anthropoides virgo: 蓑羽鹤 (蓑羽鶴) 'raincoat feather crane' |
Anthropoides virgo: (蓑羽鹤) 蓑羽鶴 'raincoat feather crane' |
闺秀鹤 (閨秀鶴) 'young lady (=demoiselle) crane' (FS) |
Anthropoides virgo: アネハヅル (姉羽鶴) ane-ha-zuru 'big-sister feather crane' |
쇠재두루미 soe-jae-durumi 'small jae crane' |
Anthropoides virgo: Өвөгт тогируу ᠦᠪᠦᠭᠲᠣ ᠲᠣᠭᠢᠷᠣᠣ övögt togiruu 'crested crane' Inner M: Anthropoides virgo: Хархираа ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠ kharkhiraa 'kharkhiraa' (31, 32) |
|
Grus japonensis |
Red-crowned crane Manchurian crane Japanese crane |
丹顶鹤 (丹頂鶴) 'red-capped crane' |
(丹顶鹤) 丹頂鶴 'red-capped crane' |
仙鹤 (仙鶴) 'fairy crane' (FS) |
タンチョウ (丹頂) tanchō 'red-cap' |
두루미 durumi 'crane' |
Sếu Nhật Bản 'Japanese crane' Sếu đầu đỏ Nhật Bản 'Japanese red-headed crane' (from Cites list on Internet) |
Алаг тогоруу ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ alag togoruu 'motley crane' Inner M: Сарт цагаан тогоруу ᠰᠠᠷᠲᠣ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ sart tsagaaŋ togoruu 'mooned white crane' (31, 32) |
Grus grus |
Common crane | 灰鹤 (灰鶴) 'grey crane' |
(灰鹤) 灰鶴 'grey crane' |
玄鹤 (玄鶴) 'dark crane' (also Grus monacha) 仓庚 or 苍庚 (倉庚 or 蒼庚) 'canggeng' (仓庚 also used for oriole; 苍庚 'darkblue geng' used only for crane) 鸧鸹 (鶬鴰) 'cang + crow' 番薯鹤 (番薯鶴) 'sweet potato crane' 欧亚鹤 (歐亞鶴) 'Eurasian crane' (FS) |
クロヅル (黒鶴) kuro-zuru 'black crane' |
검은목두루미 geomeun-mok-durumi 'black-necked crane' |
Chim Sếu cổ trắng 'white-necked crane (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Хархираа тогоруу ᠬᠠᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ kharkhiraa togoruu 'kharkhiraa crane' Inner M: Хөх тогоруу ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ khökh togoruu 'darkblue crane' (31, 32) |
Grus monacha |
Hooded crane | 白头鹤 (白頭鶴) 'white-headed crane' |
(白头鹤) 白頭鶴 'white-headed crane' |
青庄鹤 (青莊鶴) 'green/blue field (=blue heron) crane' 锅鹤 (鍋鶴) 'pot crane' (FS) 玄鹤 (玄鶴) 'dark crane' (FS) |
ナベヅル (鍋鶴) nabe-zuru 'pot crane' |
흑두루미 heuk-durumi 'black crane' |
Хар тогоруу ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ khar togoruu 'black crane' Inner M: Хар тогоруу ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ khar togoruu 'black crane' (32) |
|
Grus nigricollis |
Black-necked crane | 黑颈鹤 (黑頸鶴) 'black-necked crane' |
黑头鹤 (黑頭鶴) 'black-headed crane' 黑尾鹤 (黑尾鶴) 'black-tailed crane' 西藏鹤 (西藏鶴) 'Tibetan crane' (FS) |
オグロヅル (尾黒鶴) o-guro zuru 'black-tailed crane' |
Chim Sếu xám 'grey crane (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Inner M: Хар хүзүүт тогоруу ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠣ khar khüzüüt togoruu 'black-necked crane' (31) |
Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999
Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000
汉蒙名词术语分类词典(自然科学部分) Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
内蒙古动物志 (第三卷 鸟纲 非雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 3 Aves Non-Passerines) 主编:旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2013
Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009