General
Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.
Larks in Japanese are usually known as ヒバリ , written with the Chinese characters 雲雀 'cloud sparrow' (from the Chinese name). This is the usual name in popular usage. ヒバリ may also be written with the character 鷚, which in Chinese was at one time used for the larks (although in modern ornithological usage it is confined to the pipits).
Much less well known is the borrowed term コウテンシ meaning 'tell heaven', written 告天子 in Chinese characters. In ornithological usage, コウテンシ is confined to Melanocorypha and one species of Calandrella.
CULTURAL
In haiku, the 雲雀 hibari is a season word for spring.
Species names
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
KOREAN |
||||
Alaudala | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Alaudala cheleensis Calandrella cheleensis |
Asian short-toed lark Mongolian short-toed lark Salt-marsh lark Alouette de Swinhoe Tschililerche Солончаковый жаворонок |
アジアコヒバリ (アジア小雲雀) ajia ko-hibari 'Asian small lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow') |
Calandrella rufescens cheleensis: コヒバリ (小雲雀) ko-hibari 'small lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow') |
短趾百灵 (短趾百靈) 'short-toed hundred-spirit' (1, 2, 3, 4) 亚洲短趾百灵 (亞洲短趾百靈) 'Asian short-toed hundred-spirit' (5. alt in 1, 3) |
(亚洲短趾百灵) 亞洲短趾百靈 'Asian short-toed hundred-spirit' |
华北沙鹨 (華北沙鷚) 'north China sand-lark' (early ornithological) (35) |
북방쇠종다리 bukbang-soe-jongdari 'northern small lark' |
Melanocorypha | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Melanocorypha
bimaculata |
Bimaculated lark Eastern calandra lark Alouette monticole Bergkalanderlerche Двупятнистый жаворонок |
クビワコウテンシ (首輪告天子) kubi-wa kōtenshi 'neck-ringed tell-heaven' |
二斑百灵 (二斑百靈) 'two-striped hundred-spirit' |
큰부리종다리 keun-buri-jongdari 'large-billed lark' |
|||
Melanocorypha mongolica |
Mongolian lark Mongolian skylark |
コウテンシ (告天子) kōtenshi 'tell-heaven' |
蒙古百灵 (蒙古百靈) 'Mongolian hundred-spirit' or 百灵 (百靈) 'hundred-spirit' (alt in 1, 3) |
百灵 (百靈) 'hundred spirit' (general name) (35) 蒙古鹨 (蒙古鷚) 'Mongolian lark' (early ornithological) (35) |
|||
Calandrella | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Calandrella brachydactyla |
Greater short-toed lark Alouette calandrelle Kurzzehenlerche Малый жаворонок |
ヒメコウテンシ (姫告天子) hime kōtenshi 'princess tell-heaven' |
大短趾百灵 (大短趾百靈) 'large short-toed hundred-spirit' (2, 3, 4) 短趾百灵 (短趾百靈) 'short-toed hundred-spirit' (alt in 1, 5. alt in 3) Taxonomy |
(大短趾百灵) 大短趾百靈 'large short-toed hundred-spirit' |
短趾沙百灵 (短趾沙百靈) 'short-toed sand hundred-spirit' (6, 7) 红短趾鹨 (紅短趾鷚) 'red short-toed lark' (early ornithological) (35) 白眉 (白眉) 'white eyebrow' |
쇠종다리 soe-jongdari 'small lark' |
|
Eremophila | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Eremophila alpestris |
Horned lark or Shore lark Alouette hausse-col Ohrenlerche Жаворонок рогатый |
ハマヒバリ (浜雲雀) hama hibari 'shore lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow') |
角百灵 (角百靈) 'horned hundred-spirit' |
滨鹨 (濱鷚) 'shore lark' (35, from Zool. Nomen.) 获敬德 (獲敬德) 'huojingde' (northern) (35) 陆地百灵 (陸地百靈) 'land hundred-spirit' 土画眉 (土畫眉) 'earth/vulgar hwamei' (also Garrulax perspicillatus Masked Laughing-thrush) |
|||
Alauda | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Alauda
arvensis |
Eurasian Sky Lark Eurasian Skylark Skylark Northern skylark Alouette des champs Feldlerche Жаворонок полевой |
ヒバリ (雲雀) hibari 'lark' written 'cloud sparrow' Taxonomy |
云雀 (雲雀) 'cloud sparrow' Taxonomy |
(欧亚云雀) 歐亞雲雀 'Eurasian cloud sparrow' |
阿鹨儿 (阿鷚兒) 'lark' (northern) (35) 叫天子儿 (叫天子兒) 'call heaven' (northern) (35) 告天知 (告天知) 'tell heaven know' (southern) (35) 大鹨 (大鷚) 'large lark' (35, from Zool. Nomen.) 鱼鳞燕 (魚鱗燕) 'fish-scaled swallow' |
종다리 jongdari 'lark' Taxonomy |
|
Galerida | |||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Galerida cristata |
Crested lark Cochevis huppé Haubenlerche Хохлатый жаворонок |
カンムリヒバリ (冠雲雀) kanmuri hibari 'crested lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow') |
凤头百灵 (鳳頭百靈) 'phoenix-headed hundred-spirit' |
華北凤头鹨 (华北鳳頭鷚) 'north Chinese phoenix-headed lark' (early ornithological) (35) 角领鸟 (角領鳥) 'horn collar bird' (southern) (35) 凤头阿鹨儿 (鳳頭阿鷚兒) 'phoenix-headed lark' (northern) (35) 阿兰 (阿蘭) 'a-lan' 大阿勒 (大阿勒) 'large a-le' 风头 (鳳頭) 'phoenix-head' |
뿔종다리 ppul-jongdari 'horned lark' |
Some sources differentiate Alauda arvensis japonica as a separate species, known as:
日本云雀
(日本雲雀)
'Japanese cloud sparrow' (in 2, 3, and 4).
Some sources differentiate Alauda arvensis japonica as a separate species, known as:
ニホンヒバリ
(日本雲雀)
nihon hibari
'Japanese lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow') (Internet sources)
Other than Alauda arvensis japonica, subspecies of A. arvensis are オオヒバリ ō hibari (large skylark) for A. a. pekinensis and カラフトチュウヒバリ Karafuto chū-hibari (Sakhalin medium skylark) for A. a. lonnbergi.
Some sources differentiate Alauda arvensis japonica as a separate species, known as:
극동종다리
geuk-dong-jongdari
'far-eastern lark'
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全(修订版) 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册(中文版)约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯,合作者:荷芬奇,翻译:卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称(拉丁文、汉文、英文对照)第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
中国鸟类分布名录 第二版 郑作新 科学出版社 北京 1976年
(Checklist of the Classification of Birds of China 2nd edition by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 1976)
香港及華南鳥類(第六版)(翻譯成中文及重新修訂) 尹璉、費嘉倫、林超英 香港性徵特區政府新聞處政府印務局 1994年
Birds of Hong Kong and South China (6th edition, translated into Chinese and newly revised) by Clive Viney, Karen Phillipps, Lin Chaoying, Hong Kong Govt. Press 1994
Chinese Birds (A Tentative List of Chinese Birds) 中國鳥類(中國鳥類目錄試編) N. Gist Gee, Lacy I. Moffett, G. D. Wilder (祁天錫, 慕維德, 萬卓志), Peiping, 1927 (reprinted 1948)