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Alaudidae
ヒバリ科
hibari ka

百灵科
bǎi-líng kē

百靈科
bǎi-líng kē

종다리과
jongdari-gwa

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General

Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.

Larks in Japanese are usually known as ヒバリ hibari, written with the Chinese characters 雲雀 'cloud sparrow' (from the Chinese name). This is the usual name in popular usage. ヒバリ hibari may also be written with the character , which in Chinese was at one time used for the larks (although in modern ornithological usage it is confined to the pipits).

Much less well known is the borrowed term コウテンシ kōtenshi meaning 'tell heaven', written 告天子 in Chinese characters. In ornithological usage, コウテンシ kōtenshi is confined to Melanocorypha and one species of Calandrella.

CULTURAL

In haiku, the 雲雀 hibari is a season word for spring.

Species names

› ABOUT THIS TABLE‹
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN
JAPANESE
CHINESE
KOREAN
Alaudala
Latin
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru
Japanese
Other J
Chinese
Chinese (Taiwan)
Other Ch
Korean
Alaudala cheleensis
Calandrella cheleensis
link to photo
Asian short-toed lark
Mongolian short-toed lark
Salt-marsh lark

Alouette de Swinhoe
Tschililerche Солончаковый жаворонок
アジアコヒバリ
(アジア小雲雀)
ajia ko-hibari
'Asian small lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow')
Calandrella rufescens cheleensis:
コヒバリ
(小雲雀)
ko-hibari
'small lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow')
短趾百灵
(短趾百靈)
duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng
'short-toed hundred-spirit' (1, 2, 3, 4)
亚洲短趾百灵
(亞洲短趾百靈)
yàzhōu duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng
'Asian short-toed hundred-spirit' (5. alt in 1, 3)
(亚洲短趾百灵)
亞洲短趾百靈
yàzhōu duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng
'Asian short-toed hundred-spirit'
华北沙鹨
(華北沙鷚)
huá-běi shā-liù
'north China sand-lark' (early ornithological) (35)
북방쇠종다리
bukbang-soe-jongdari 'northern small lark'
Melanocorypha
Latin
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru
Japanese
Other J
Chinese
Chinese (Taiwan)
Other Ch
Korean
Melanocorypha bimaculata
link to photolink to photo
Bimaculated lark
Eastern calandra lark

Alouette monticole
Bergkalanderlerche
Двупятнистый жаворонок
クビワコウテンシ
(首輪告天子)
kubi-wa kōtenshi
'neck-ringed tell-heaven'
  二斑百灵
(二斑百靈)
èr-bān bǎi-líng
'two-striped hundred-spirit'
    큰부리종다리
keun-buri-jongdari
'large-billed lark'
Melanocorypha mongolica
link to photo
Mongolian lark
Mongolian skylark
コウテンシ
(告天子)
kōtenshi
'tell-heaven'
  蒙古百灵
(蒙古百靈)
měnggǔ bǎi-líng
'Mongolian hundred-spirit'
or
百灵
(百靈)
bǎi-líng
'hundred-spirit' (alt in 1, 3)
  百灵
(百靈)
bǎi-líng
'hundred spirit' (general name) (35)
蒙古鹨
(蒙古鷚)
měnggǔ liù
'Mongolian lark' (early ornithological) (35)
 
Calandrella
Latin
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru
Japanese
Other J
Chinese
Chinese (Taiwan)
Other Ch
Korean
Calandrella brachydactyla
link to photo
Greater short-toed lark

Alouette calandrelle
Kurzzehenlerche
Малый жаворонок
ヒメコウテンシ
(姫告天子)
hime kōtenshi
'princess tell-heaven'
  大短趾百灵
(大短趾百靈)
dà duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng
'large short-toed hundred-spirit' (2, 3, 4)
短趾百灵
(短趾百靈)
duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng
'short-toed hundred-spirit' (alt in 1, 5. alt in 3)
›Taxonomy‹
(大短趾百灵)
大短趾百靈
dà duǎn-zhǐ bǎi-líng
'large short-toed hundred-spirit'
短趾沙百灵
(短趾沙百靈)
duǎn-zhǐ shā bǎi-líng
'short-toed sand hundred-spirit' (6, 7)
红短趾鹨
(紅短趾鷚)
hóng duǎn-zhǐ liù
'red short-toed lark' (early ornithological) (35)
白眉
(白眉)
bái-méi
'white eyebrow'
쇠종다리
soe-jongdari
'small lark'
Eremophila
Latin
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru
Japanese
Other J
Chinese
Chinese (Taiwan)
Other Ch
Korean
Eremophila alpestris
link to photo
Horned lark
or
Shore lark

Alouette hausse-col
Ohrenlerche
Жаворонок рогатый
ハマヒバリ
(浜雲雀)
hama hibari
'shore lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow')
  角百灵
(角百靈)
jiǎo bǎi-líng
'horned hundred-spirit'
  滨鹨
(濱鷚)
bīn liù
'shore lark' (35, from Zool. Nomen.)
获敬德
(獲敬德)
huò-jìng-dé
'huojingde' (northern) (35)
陆地百灵
(陸地百靈)
lùdì bǎi-líng
'land hundred-spirit'
土画眉
(土畫眉)
tǔ huà-méi
'earth/vulgar hwamei' (also Garrulax perspicillatus Masked Laughing-thrush)
 
Alauda
Latin
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru
Japanese
Other J
Chinese
Chinese (Taiwan)
Other Ch
Korean
Alauda arvensis
link to photolink to photolink to photo
Eurasian Sky Lark
Eurasian Skylark
Skylark
Northern skylark

Alouette des champs
Feldlerche
Жаворонок полевой
ヒバリ
(雲雀)
hibari
'lark' written 'cloud sparrow'
›Taxonomy‹
  云雀
(雲雀)
yún-què
'cloud sparrow'
›Taxonomy‹
(欧亚云雀)
歐亞雲雀
ōu-yà yún-què
'Eurasian cloud sparrow'
阿鹨儿
(阿鷚兒)
ā-liùr
'lark' (northern) (35)
叫天子儿
(叫天子兒)
jiào-tiānzǐr
'call heaven' (northern) (35)
告天知
(告天知)
gào-tiānzhǐ
'tell heaven know' (southern) (35)
大鹨
(大鷚)
dà liù
'large lark' (35, from Zool. Nomen.)
鱼鳞燕
(魚鱗燕)
yú-lín yàn
'fish-scaled swallow'
종다리
jongdari
'lark'
›Taxonomy‹
Galerida
Latin
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru
Japanese
Other J
Chinese
Chinese (Taiwan)
Other Ch
Korean
Galerida cristata
link to photo
Crested lark

Cochevis huppé
Haubenlerche
Хохлатый жаворонок
カンムリヒバリ
(冠雲雀)
kanmuri hibari
'crested lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow')
  凤头百灵
(鳳頭百靈)
fèng-tóu bǎi-líng
'phoenix-headed hundred-spirit'
  華北凤头鹨
(华北鳳頭鷚)
huá-běi fèng-tóu liù
'north Chinese phoenix-headed lark' (early ornithological) (35)
角领鸟
(角領鳥)
jiǎo-lǐng niǎo
'horn collar bird' (southern) (35)
凤头阿鹨儿
(鳳頭阿鷚兒)
fèng-tóu ā-liùr
'phoenix-headed lark' (northern) (35)
阿兰
(阿蘭)
ā-lán
'a-lan'
大阿勒
(大阿勒)
dà ā-lè
'large a-le'
风头
(鳳頭)
fèng-tóu
'phoenix-head'
뿔종다리
ppul-jongdari
'horned lark'

Some sources differentiate Alauda arvensis japonica as a separate species, known as:
日本云雀
(日本雲雀)
rìběn yún-què
'Japanese cloud sparrow' (in 2, 3, and 4).

Some sources differentiate Alauda arvensis japonica as a separate species, known as:
ニホンヒバリ
(日本雲雀)
nihon hibari
'Japanese lark' (hibari written 'cloud sparrow') (Internet sources)
Other than Alauda arvensis japonica, subspecies of A. arvensis are オオヒバリ ō hibari (large skylark) for A. a. pekinensis and カラフトチュウヒバリ Karafuto chū-hibari (Sakhalin medium skylark) for A. a. lonnbergi.

Some sources differentiate Alauda arvensis japonica as a separate species, known as:
극동종다리
geuk-dong-jongdari
'far-eastern lark'

中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全(修订版) 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000

中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005

中国鸟类野外手册(中文版)约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯,合作者:荷芬奇,翻译:卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000

世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002

世界鸟类名称(拉丁文、汉文、英文对照)第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002

中国鸟类分布名录 第二版 郑作新 科学出版社 北京 1976年
(Checklist of the Classification of Birds of China 2nd edition by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 1976)

香港及華南鳥類(第六版)(翻譯成中文及重新修訂) 尹璉、費嘉倫、林超英 香港性徵特區政府新聞處政府印務局 1994年
Birds of Hong Kong and South China (6th edition, translated into Chinese and newly revised) by Clive Viney, Karen Phillipps, Lin Chaoying, Hong Kong Govt. Press 1994

Chinese Birds (A Tentative List of Chinese Birds) 中國鳥類(中國鳥類目錄試編) N. Gist Gee, Lacy I. Moffett, G. D. Wilder (祁天錫, 慕維德, 萬卓志), Peiping, 1927 (reprinted 1948)