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The name of the swallows is a familiar word in Mongolia: Хараацай kharaatsai. It has the variant form Хараацгай kharaatsgai, which is found in Inner Mongolian dictionaries but less so in those of Mongolia. The Buryat name is Хараасгай kharaasgai.
Ornithological naming
In the original ornithological naming, all swallows were known as Хараацай kharaatsai.
In the 2007 "binomial" names, each genus was given an individual name:
The genus Delichon (house martins) retained the name Хараацай kharaatsai.
The genus Ptyonoprogne (crag martins) was given the alternative form Хараацгай kharaatsgai.
The genera Cecropis and Hirundo (both Hirundo in the Mongolian taxonomy) were given the compound name Алтанхараацай altaŋkharaatsai 'golden swallow'.
The genus Riparia (sand martins) was given the compound name Эргийнхараацай erginkharaatsai 'cliff swallow'.
In the Inner Mongolian ornithological names, all species use plain Хараацай kharaatsai with descriptors. Without qualification, Хараацай kharaatsai refers to Hirundo rustica, the Barn Swallow.
Species names
ABOUT THIS TABLE| HIRUNDININAE | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
MONGOLIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
TURKIC |
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| Delichon | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Delichon urbicum Delichon urbica  |
Northern house martin Northern house-martin Common house martin House martin Городская ласточка, Воронок |
Хүрээний хараацай ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ khüreeni kharaatsai 'wall/fence swallow' |
Үсэн саварт хараацай ᠦᠰᠣᠨ ᠰᠠᠪᠠᠷᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ üseŋ savart kharaatsai 'hair-clawed swallow' (31, 33) or Өдөн олонт хараацай ᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠣᠯᠠᠨᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ ödöŋ olont kharaatsai 'many-feathered swallow' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Хүрээний хараацай ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ khüreeni kharaatsai 'wall/fence swallow' |
毛脚燕 (毛腳燕) 'hair-leg swallow' or 白腹毛脚燕 (白腹毛腳燕) 'white-bellied hair-legged swallow' (alt in 1) |
ニシイワツバメ (西岩燕) nishi iwa-tsubame 'Western rock-swallow' |
흰턱제비 huin-teok-jebi 'white-chinned swallow' |
Қала қарлығашы qala qarlığaşı 'town swallow' |
Ev Kırlangıcı 'house swallow' |
| Delichon dasypus |
Asian house martin Asian house-martin Восточный воронок |
Цармын хараацай ᠴᠠᠷᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ tsarmiŋ kharaatsai 'mountain-hollow swallow' |
烟腹毛脚燕 (煙腹毛腳燕) 'smoky-bellied hair-legged swallow' Taiwan: (东方毛脚燕) 東方毛腳燕 'eastern hair-legged swallow' |
イワツバメ (岩燕) iwa-tsubame 'rock-swallow' |
흰털발제비 huin-teol-bal-jebi 'white hair-legged swallow' |
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| Cecropis | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Cecropis daurica Hirundo daurica |
Red-rumped swallow Golden-rumped swallow Рыжепоясничная ласточка |
Hirundo daurica: Монгол алтанхараацай ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ moŋgol altaŋ-kharaatsai 'Mongolian golden-swallow' |
Алтан хараацай ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ altaŋ kharaatsai 'golden swallow' (31, 33) or Уран хараацай ᠣᠷᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ uraŋ kharaatsai 'deft swallow' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Монгол хараацай ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ moŋgol kharaatsai 'Mongolian swallow' |
金腰燕 (金腰燕) 'gold-rumped swallow' Taiwan: (金腰燕) 金腰燕 'gold-rumped swallow' |
コシアカツバメ (腰赤燕) koshi-aka tsubame 'red-rumped swallow' |
귀제비 gwi-jebi 'returning? swallow' |
Секпілтөс қарлығаш sekpil-tös qarlığaşı |
Kızıl Kırlangıç 'red swallow' |
| Hirundo | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Hirundo rustica |
Barn swallow House swallow Swallow Деревенская ласточка, Ласточка-касатка |
Асрын алтанхараацай ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ asriŋ altaŋ-kharaatsai 'tower gold-swallow' |
Хараацай ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ kharaatsai 'swallow' (31, 33) or Гэрийн хараацай ᠭᠡᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ geriŋ kharaatsai 'house swallow' (31, 33) or Цагаан элэгт хараацай ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠡᠯᠢᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ tsagaaŋ elegt kharaatsai 'white-breasted swallow' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Асрын хараацай ᠠᠰᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ asriŋ kharaatsai 'tower swallow' Buryat: Үхэр хараасгай ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ ükher kharaasgai 'ox swallow' (Conflicts with Ptyonoprogne rupestris) |
家燕 (家燕) 'house swallow' Taiwan: (家燕) 家燕 'house swallow' |
ツバメ (燕) tsubame 'swallow' |
제비 jebi 'swallow' |
Қыстау қарлығашы qıstaw qarlığaşı 'winter swallow' |
Kır Kırlangıcı 'grey? swallow' |
| Ptyonoprogne | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Ptyonoprogne rupestris Hirundo rupestris |
Eurasian crag martin Eurasian crag-martin Crag martin Скальная ласточка, Горная ласточка |
Харагчин хараацгай ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠭᠠᠢ kharagchiŋ kharaatsgai 'wagtail swallow (variant form)' |
Үхэр хараацай ᠦᠬᠡᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ ükher kharaatsai 'ox swallow' (31, 33) or Хадан хараацай ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ khadaŋ kharaatsai 'rock swallow' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Харагчин хараацай ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ kharagchiŋ kharaatsai 'wagtail swallow' Other: Харагч хараацай ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ kharagch kharaatsai 'wagtail swallow' |
岩燕 (岩燕) 'rock-swallow' |
ガケツバメ (崖燕) gake tsubame 'cliff swallow' |
바위산제비 bawi-san-jebi 'craggy-mountain swallow' |
Құз қарлығашы quz qarlığaşı 'cliff swallow' |
Kaya Kırlangıcı 'rock-swallow' |
| Riparia | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Riparia riparia |
Sand martin or Bank swallow Collared sand martin Береговая ласточка, Береговушка |
Элсэг эргийнхараацай ᠡᠯᠰᠡᠭ᠌ ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ elseg ergiŋ-kharaatsai 'sandpiper cliff-swallow' |
Бор элсний хараацай ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠡᠯᠰᠦᠨ ᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ bor elsni kharaatsai 'dun sand swallow' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Эргийн хараацай ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ ergiŋ kharaatsai 'cliff swallow' IM also: Эргийн хараацай ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ ergiŋ kharaatsai 'cliff swallow' (alt in 31) Other: Элсэн хараацай ᠡᠯᠰᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ elseŋ kharaatsai 'sand swallow' Buryat: Эрьеын хараасгай ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ eryein kharaasgai 'shore swallow' |
崖沙燕 (崖沙燕) 'cliff sand-swallow' Taiwan: (灰沙燕) 灰沙燕 'grey sand-swallow' |
ショウドウツバメ (小洞燕) shōdō tsubame 'small hole swallow' |
갈색제비 gal-saek-jebi 'brown-coloured swallow' |
Жар қарлығашы jar qarlığaşı 'bank swallow' |
Kum Kırlagıcı 'sand swallow' |
| Riparia diluta |
Pale Martin Pale Sand Martin Pale sand swallow |
Бүгээн эргийнхараацай ᠪᠦᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ bügeeŋ ergiŋ-kharaatsai 'light-coloured cliff-swallow' (Internet) |
淡色崖沙燕 (淡色崖沙燕) 'pale-coloured cliff sand-swallow' |
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This is an old name for black or blackish passerines, probably related to харагчин kharagchiŋ, a word used for black-coloured cows. Хар khar means 'black'. Харагчин kharagchiŋ now usually identified as meaning wagtail but can also be found used for the Chinese Hill Warbler and the Dunnock (Prunellidae. It is also found used as a descriptor for the Crested Myna and the Eurasian Crag Martin.
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
内蒙古动物志 (第四卷 鸟纲 雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 4 Aves Passerines), 主编：旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2015
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