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Sturnidae


วงศ์นกเอี้ยงและนกกิ้งโครง
woŋ nók îaŋ láe nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ

Họ Sáo

椋鸟科
liáng-niǎo kē

八哥科
bā-gē kē

ムクドリ科
muku-dori ka

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General

Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Comments and corrections welcome. All Malaysian and Indonesian names in the process of conversion into modernised spelling only. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.

The Malaysian naming of the starlings and mynas closely mirrors that of English. However, scientific and popular classifications have changed several times in recent years and the H&M4 subfamilies Sturninae and Mainatinae no longer form a good correlation with the traditional names in either English or Malaysian.

1. Burung Perling is used for all species known as 'starling' in English.

2. Burung Tiok is used for all species known as 'myna' in English. This covers the genera Acridotheres, Gracula, and Ampeliceps.

Indonesian names

Indonesian ornithological names are assigned by genus. For those species occurring in Malaysia, this includes:

1. Burung Jalak is used for the genus Agropsar (formerly all Sturnus).

2. Burung Kerak is used for the genus Acridotheres.

3. Burung Tiok, which in Malaysian ornithological naming is a general name for the mynas, is confined to the genus Gracula, the most common cage bird among the mynas.

4. Burung Perling, which in Malaysian ornithological naming is a general name for the starlings, is confined in Indonesian usage to the genus Aplonis of glossy starlings.

Species names

› ABOUT THIS TABLE‹
STURNINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN
MALAY
OTHER S. E. ASIAN
EAST ASIAN
Pastor
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Pastor roseus
Sturnus roseus
link to photo
Rosy starling
Rose-coloured starling
Burung Perling Hitam-Ros
'rosy (&) black starling (bird)' (27)
    นกกิ้งโครงสีกุหลาบ
nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ sĭi-kù-làap
'rose starling (bird)'
Chim Sáo hồng
'rosy starling (bird)' (13)
粉红椋鸟
(粉紅椋鳥)
fěn-hóng liáng-niǎo
'pink dogwood-bird'
Taiwan:
(粉红椋鸟)
粉紅椋鳥
fěn-hóng liáng-niǎo
'pink dogwood-bird'
バライロムクドリ
(薔薇色椋鳥)
bara-iro muku-dori
'rose-coloured muku-bird'
Agropsar
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Agropsar sturninus
Sturnus sturninus
Sturnia sturnina
link to photo
Purple-backed starling
or
Daurian starling
Burung Perling Belakang Ungu
'purple-backed starling (bird)' (24, 26, 27)
  Burung Jalak Cina
'Chinese starling (bird)'
นกกิ้งโครงแกลบหลังม่วงดำ
nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ klàeep lăŋ-mûaŋ-dam
'black-purple-backed lesser-starling (bird)'
Sturnia sturnina (34):
Chim Sáo đá lưng đen
'black-backed rock starling (bird)' (12, 13, 34)
北椋鸟
(北椋鳥)
běi liáng-niǎo
'northern dogwood-bird'
Taiwan:
(北椋鸟)
北椋鳥
běi liáng-niǎo
'northern dogwood-bird'
シベリアムクドリ
(シベリア椋鳥)
shiberia muku-dori
'Siberian muku-bird'
Agropsar philippensis
Sturnus philippensis
Sturnia philippensis
link to photolink to photo
Chestnut-cheeked starling
Violet-backed starling
Burung Perling Pipi Perang
'auburn-cheeked starling (bird)' (26, 27)
  Burung Jalak Filipina
'Philippine starling (bird)'
นกกิ้งโครงแกลบแก้มสีน้ำตาลแดง
nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ klàeep kâeem-sĭi-nám-taan-daeeŋ
'red-brown-cheeked lesser-starling (bird)'
  紫背椋鸟
(紫背椋鳥)
zǐ-bèi liáng-niǎo
'purple-backed dogwood-bird'
Taiwan:
(小椋鸟)
小椋鳥
xiǎo liáng-niǎo
'small dogwood-bird'
コムクドリ
(小椋鳥)
ko muku-dori
'small muku-bird'
Gracupica
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Gracupica nigricollis
Sturnus nigricollis
link to photo
Black-collared starling
Black-necked starling
Burung Perling Leher Hitam
'black-necked starling (bird)' (27)
    นกกิ้งโครงคอดำ
nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ kʰoaa-dam
'black-necked starling (bird)'
Chim Sáo sậu
'sậu starling (bird)' (12, 13)
黑领椋鸟
(黑領椋鳥)
hēi-lǐng liáng-niǎo
'black-collared dogwood-bird'
Taiwan:
(黑领椋鸟)
黑領椋鳥
hēi-lǐng liáng-niǎo
'black-collared dogwood-bird'
クビワムクドリ
(首輪椋鳥)
kubi-wa muku-dori
'ring-necked muku-bird'
Sturnia
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Sturnia sinensis
Sturnus sinensis
link to photo
White-shouldered starling
Chinese starling
Grey-backed starling
Burung Perling Bahu Putih
'white-shouldered starling (bird)' (24, 26, 27)
    นกกิ้งโครงแกลบปีกขาว
nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ klàeep pìik-kʰăaw
'white-winged lesser-starling (bird)'
Sturnia sinensis (34):
Chim Sáo đá Trung Quốc
'Chinese rock starling (bird)' (12, 13, 34)
灰背椋鸟
(灰背椋鳥)
huī-bèi liáng-niǎo
'grey-backed dogwood-bird'
Taiwan:
(灰背椋鸟)
灰背椋鳥
huī-bèi liáng-niǎo
'grey-backed dogwood-bird'
カラムクドリ
(唐椋鳥)
kara muku-dori
'Chinese muku-bird'
Sturnia malabarica
Sturnus malabaricus
link to photo
Chestnut-tailed starling
Ashy-headed starling
Grey-headed starling
Burung Perling Ekor Perang
'auburn-tailed starling (bird)' (27)
    นกกิ้งโครงแกลบหัวเทา
nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ klàeep hŭa-tʰaw
'grey-headed lesser-starling (bird)'
Chim Sáo đá đuôi hung
'reddish-tailed rock starling (bird)' (12)
灰头椋鸟
(灰頭椋鳥)
huī-tóu liáng-niǎo
'grey-headed dogwood-bird'
Taiwan:
(灰头椋鸟)
灰頭椋鳥
huī-tóu liáng-niǎo
'grey-headed dogwood-bird'
(introduced)
インドコムクドリ
(インド小椋鳥)
indo ko muku-dori
'Indian small muku-bird'
Acridotheres
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Acridotheres tristis
link to photo
Common myna
Common myna
House myna
Burung Tiong Gembala Kerbau
'waterbuffalo herdsman myna (bird)' (24, 26)
Burung Tiong Rumah
'house myna (bird)' (27)
Burung Gembala Kerbau
'waterbuffalo herdsman (bird)' (Wikipedia)
  นกเอี้ยงสาริกา
nók îaŋ săa-rí-kaa
'talkingbird myna (bird)'
Chim Sáo nâu
'brown starling (bird)' (12, 13, 34)
家八哥
(家八哥)
jiā bā-gē
'house myna'
Taiwan:
(家八哥)
家八哥
jiā bā-gē
'house myna'
(introduced)
カバイロハッカ
(樺色八哥)
kaba-iro hakka
'birch-coloured myna' (=reddish yellow/yellowish brown colour)
Acridotheres burmannicus
Sturnus burmannicus
link to photo
Vinous-breasted Myna
Vinous-breasted Starling
Jerdon's starling
Burung Tiong Dada Kelabu
'grey-breasted myna (bird)' (27)
    นกกิ้งโครงหัวสีนวล
nók kîŋ-kʰrooŋ hŭa-sĭi-nuan
'pale-headed starling (bird)'
Chim Sáo sậu đầu trắng
'white-headed sậu starling (bird)' (12)
红嘴椋鸟
(紅嘴椋鳥)
hóng-zuǐ liáng-niǎo
'red-billed dogwood-bird'
シロガシラムクドリ
(白頭椋鳥)
shiro-gashira muku-dori
'white-headed muku-bird'
Acridotheres fuscus Jungle myna
Indian jungle myna
Burung Tiong Sawah
'wetfield myna (bird)' (26, 27)
Burung Tiong Hutan
'forest myna (bird)' (24)
›Taxonomy‹ (introduced)
    นกเอี้ยงควาย
nók îaŋ khwaay
'waterbuffalo myna (bird)'
  丛林八哥
(叢林八哥)
cónglín bā-gē
'jungle myna' (4)
林八哥
(林八哥)
lín bā-gē
'forest myna' (5)
›Note‹
モリハッカ
(森八哥)
mori hakka
'forest myna'
Acridotheres grandis
›Taxonomy‹
link to photo
Great myna
White-vented myna
Great myna
Jungle myna
Burung Tiong Siam
'Siamese myna (bird)' (27)
Acridotheres grandis:
Burung Tiong Jambul
'crested myna (bird)' (24)

Burung Tiong Jambul
'crested myna (bird)' (26)
Acridotheres javanicus:
Burung Tiong Jawa
'Javanese myna (bird)' (24, 27)
  Burung Kerak Kerbau
'waterbuffalo junglemyna (bird)' (onomat.)
Burung Kerak Perut-pucat
'pale-bellied junglemyna (bird)' (onomat.)
(introduced)
นกเอี้ยงหงอน
nók îaŋ ŋŏaan
'crested myna (bird)'
Acridotheres cinereus (13):
Chim Sáo mỏ vàng
'yellow-billed starling (bird)' (12, 13, 34)
林八哥
(林八哥)
lín bā-gē
'forest myna' (1, 2, 3, 4)
丛八哥
(叢八哥)
cóng bā-gē
'jungle myna' (5)
›Taxonomy‹
オオハッカ
(大八哥)
ō hakka
'large myna'
Acridotheres cristatellus
link to photo
Crested myna
Chinese jungle myna
Burung Tiong Jambul Cina
'Chinese crested myna (bird)' (26)
Burung Tiong Cina
'Chinese myna (bird)' (24, 27)
(introduced)
    นกเอี้ยงหงอนก้นลาย
nók îaŋ ŋŏaan kôn-laay
'stripe-vented crested myna (bird)'
Chim Sáo đen
'black starling (bird)' (12, 13)
or
Chim Sáo mỏ ngà
'ivory-billed starling (bird)' (12, 13, 34)
八哥
(八哥)
bā-gē
'myna'
Taiwan:
(八哥)
八哥
bā-gē
'myna'
ハッカチョウ
(八哥鳥)
hakka-chō
'myna bird' (from Chinese)
 
MAINATINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN
MALAY
OTHER S. E. ASIAN
EAST ASIAN
Gracula
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Gracula religiosa
link to photo
Hill myna
Southern grackle
Grackle
Indian grackle
Burung Tiong Emas
'gold myna (bird)' (26)
Burung Tiong Mas
'gold myna (bird)' (24)
Burung Tiong Besar
'large myna (bird)' (27)
  Burung Tiong Emas
'gold myna (bird)'
นกขุนทอง
nók kʰŭn-tʰoaaŋ
'Sir-Gold bird'
Chim Nhồng
'myna (bird)' (12, 13, 34)
or
Chim Yểng
'myna (bird)' (12, 13, 34)
鹩哥
(鷯哥)
liáo-gē
'liaoge'
キュウカンチョウ
(九官鳥)
kyūkan-chō
'nine-rank bird'
Ampeliceps
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Ampeliceps coronatus Golden-crested myna
Gold-crested myna
Burung Tiong Jambul Emas
'gold-crested myna (bird)' (24, 26)
Burung Tiong Topeng Emas
'gold-masked myna (bird)' (27)
    นกเอี้ยงหัวสีทอง
nók îaŋ hŭa-sĭi-tʰoaaŋ
'gold-headed myna (bird)'
Chim Sáo vàng
'yellow starling (bird)' (12)
金冠树八哥
(金冠樹八哥)
jīn-guān shù bā-gē
'gold-crested tree myna'
キガシラムクドリ
(黄頭椋鳥)
ki-gashira muku-dori
'yellow-headed muku-bird'
Aplonis
Latin
English
Malaysian
Other M
Indonesian
Thai
Vietnamese
Chinese
Japanese
Aplonis panayensis
link to photo
Asian glossy starling
Asian glossy-starling
Philippine glossy starling
Burung Perling Mata Merah
'red-eyed starling (bird)' (24, 26, 27)
  Burung Perling Kumbang
'glisteningblack starling (bird)'
นกเอี้ยงดำปักษ์ใต้
nók îaŋ dam pàk-tây
'Southern region (= South Thailand) black myna (bird)'
Chim Sáo xanh
'blue/green starling (bird)' (12)
亚洲辉椋鸟
(亞洲輝椋鳥)
yàzhōu huī liáng-niǎo
'Asian shining starling' (4)
辉椋鸟
(輝椋鳥)
huī liáng-niǎo
'shining dogwood-bird' (5)
Taiwan:
(辉椋鸟)
輝椋鳥
huī liáng-niǎo
'shining dogwood-bird'
(introduced)
ミドリカラスモドキ
(緑烏擬き)
midori karasu-modoki
'green pseudo-crow'

The characters 九官鳥 kyūkan-chō mean 'nine-rank bird'. The explanation is that the bird ranks after the eight Chinese bureaucratic ranks but ahead of ordinary commoners in intelligence.

八哥 bā-gē literally means 'eight big brother', which supposedly refers to white patches on the underside of the wings of Acridotheres cristatellus, the Chinese Jungle Myna, which resemble the character 八 'eight' when the bird is in flight. The name has been generalised as the Chinese name for the mynas and has also been borrowed into Japanese as ハッカ hakka (八哥).

Sanskrit sārikā or śārikā 'talking bird' has been borrowed into Thai as สาริกา and ศาริกา, both săa-rí-kaa and as สาลิกา săa-lí-kaa. Although the original Indic species identification is lost, Thai relates these names equally to magpies (Corvidae) and to Common Mynas (Sturnidae).

Perling is from the Old Malay-Indonesian name Perling meaning 'starling'.

中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全(修订版) 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000

中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005

中国鸟类野外手册(中文版)约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯,合作者:荷芬奇,翻译:卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000

世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002

世界鸟类名称(拉丁文、汉文、英文对照)第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002

Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999

Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000

Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Perhilitan (Jabatam Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Semenanjung Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 1981
List of the Names of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1981

A Field Guide to the Birds of West Malaysia and Singapore by Jeyarajasingam, Allen and Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999

The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 - Passerines by Wells, David R., Christopher Helm, A&C Black, London 2007

Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009