General
Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Species list may not be current. Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.
Japan is not rich in phasianids, and even two of the species or varieties that occur in Japan, the Chinese Bamboo Partridge (Bambusicola thoracicus) and the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus), are introduced. The names of the main local species are:
キジ kiji (written 雉 or 雉子 in Chinese characters), which is the standard Japanese word for 'pheasant' and refers either to the Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) or to the Green Pheasant (Phasianus versicolor). Japan has both species, one introduced, the other native. The tendency in Japan is to regard the Green Pheasant as a subspecies of the Common Pheasant.
The Copper Pheasant is known simply as the ヤマドリ (山鳥) yama-dori 'mountain bird'.
The quails, known in Japanese as ウズラ uzura (written 鶉).
In the north of Japan are two types of grouse or ptarmigan, going by the name of ライチョウ (雷鳥) raichō 'thunder bird'. The name is borrowed from Chinese and uses a Sino-Japanese reading. This name is applied to a wider range of species than the equivalent Chinese word 雷鸟 (雷鳥) , which has been restricted in usage by the scientific classification.
The name コジュケイ (小綬鶏) ko-jukei 'small silkribbon-fowl/chicken' is used for the Chinese Bamboo Partridge Bambusicola thoracica. The word ジュケイ (綬鶏) jukei is used in Japanese names for exotic tragopans. Although the equivalent Chinese word 绶鸡 (綬雞) is not found in Mainland China, the Japanese word jukei 綬鶏 is fairly clearly from Chinese, which has several similar or related names. For example, Chinese uses the term 寿鸡 (壽雞) 'longevity fowl' for Cabot's Tragopan, written with different characters but pronounced the same. Interchangeability between the characters 綬 and 壽 (绶 and 寿) is not unusual in bird names. An alternative name for Cabot's Tragopan is 吐绶鸟 (吐綬鳥) . Interestingly, one name for the turkey in Chinese is 吐绶鸡 (吐綬雞) .
The domesticated fowl or chicken is known in Japanese as ニワトリ niwa-tori, literally 'garden bird', written 鶏. The meat of the domestic fowl is known as tori-niku, or 'bird meat'.
In Japanese haiku, the Common Pheasant 雉 kiji or きぎす kigisu and the Copper Pheasant 山鳥 yamadori are season words for spring. The quail or うずら uzura and its combinations are season words for autumn.
Species names
ABOUT THIS TABLE| PHASIANINAE | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
JAPANESE |
CHINESE |
NORTH ASIA |
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| COTURNICINI | ||||||||
| Coturnix | ||||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Mongolian |
Coturnix japonica |
Japanese quail Caille du Japon Japanwachtel Японский перепел |
ウズラ (鶉) uzura 'quail' |
鹌鹑 (鵪鶉) 'quail' (2, 4) 日本鹌鹑 (日本鵪鶉) 'Japanese quail' (3, 5) |
(鹌鹑) 鵪鶉 'quail' |
鹑 (鶉) 'quail' 红面鹌鹑 (紅面鵪鶉) 'red-faced quail' 赤喉鹌鹑 (赤喉鵪鶉) 'red-throated quail' |
메추라기 me-churagi 'mountain-quail' |
Наран бөднө ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨᠠ naraŋ böden 'Japanese quail' Inner M: Бүднэ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨᠠ büden 'quail' (31, 32) |
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| GALLINI | ||||||||
| Bambusicola | ||||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Mongolian |
| Bambusicola thoracicus |
Chinese bamboo partridge Chinese bamboo-partridge Bambusicole de Chine Graubrauen-Bambushuhn Китайская бамбуковая куропатка |
コジュケイ (小綬鶏) ko-jukei 'small silkribbon-fowl/chicken' (introduced) |
テッケイ (竹鶏) tekkei 'bamboo-bird' タイワンコジュケイ (台湾小綬鶏) taiwan ko-jukei 'Taiwan small silkribbon-fowl/chicken' (introduced) |
灰胸竹鸡 (灰胸竹雞) 'grey-breasted bamboo-bird' |
(竹鸡) 竹雞 'bamboo-bird' |
泥滑滑 (泥滑滑) 'mud slippery' (literal) 竹鹧鸪 (竹鷓鴣) 'bamboo partridge' 普通鹧鸪 (普通鷓鴣) 'common partridge' 鸡头鹘 (雞頭鶻) 'fowl/chicken-headed gu' 山菌子 (山菌子) 'mountain mushroom' |
Inner M: Хулсны ятуу ᠬᠣᠯᠣᠰᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ kholsni yatuu 'bamboo partridge' (31) |
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| PHASIANINI | ||||||||
| Syrmaticus | ||||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Mongolian |
| Syrmaticus soemmerringii Phasianus soemmerringii |
Copper pheasant Faisan scintillant Kupferfasan Японский длиннохвостый фазан |
ヤマドリ (山鳥) yama-dori 'mountain bird' |
ヤマキジ (山雉) yama-kiji 'mountain pheasant' オヒキ ohiki 'ohiki' オナガ (尾長) o-naga 'long-tail' トオヤマドリ (遠山鳥) tōyama-dori 'far mountain bird' |
铜长尾雉 (銅長尾雉) 'copper long-tailed pheasant' |
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| Phasianus | ||||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Mongolian |
| Phasianus colchicus |
Common pheasant Faisan de Colchide Fasan Фазан |
コウライキジ (高麗雉) kōrai kiji 'Korean pheasant' (released species) |
クビワキジ (首輪雉) kubi-wa kiji 'neck-ringed pheasant' |
环颈雉 (環頸雉) 'ring-necked pheasant' (alt in 1, 2, 4) 雉鸡 (雉雞) 'pheasant fowl' (3, 5. alt in 1) |
(环颈雉) 環頸雉 'ring-necked pheasant' |
雉 (雉) 'pheasant' 野鸡 (野雞) 'wild fowl/chicken' 山鸡 (山雞) 'mountain fowl/chicken' 颈圈野鸡 (頸圈野雞) 'neck-ringed wild fowl/chicken' |
꿩 kkwong 'pheasant' |
Зэрлэг гургуул ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ zerleg gurguul 'wild pheasant' Inner M: Гургуул ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ gurguul 'pheasant' (31, 32) |
| Phasianus versicolor | Green pheasant Japanese pheasant Faisan versicolore Buntfasan Японский фазан |
キジ (雉, 雉子) kiji 'pheasant' |
ニホンキジ (日本雉) nihon kiji 'Japanese pheasant' キギシ (雉, 雉子) kigishi 'kigishi' キギス (雉, 雉子) kigisu 'kigisu' |
绿雉 (綠雉) 'green pheasant' |
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| TETRAONINI | ||||||||
| Tetrastes | ||||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Mongolian |
| Tetrastes bonasia Bonasa bonasia |
Northern Hazel Grouse Hazel grouse Gélinotte des bois Haselhuhn Рябчик |
エゾライチョウ (蝦夷雷鳥) ezo raichō 'Ezo (=Hokkaido) thunder-bird' |
エゾヤマドリ (蝦夷山鳥) ezo yama-dori 'Ezo (=Hokkaido) mountain-bird' |
花尾榛鸡 (花尾榛雞) 'flower-tailed hazel-fowl/chicken' |
飞龙 (飛龍) 'flying dragon' (NE China) (FS) 树鸡 (樹雞) 'tree-fowl/chicken'(NE China) 树榛鸡 (樹榛雞) 'tree-hazel-fowl/chicken' 榛鸡 (榛雞) 'hazel-fowl/chicken' 松鸡 (松雞) 'pine fowl/chicken' (FS) 包日-苏衣尔 (包日-蘇衣爾) 'dun soir' (northeast, from Mongolian Бор сойр) |
들꿩 deul-kkwong 'meadow pheasant' |
Шивэр хөтүү ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ shiver khötüü 'hazel grouse' or 'Siberian grouse' (shiver can mean hazel tree or thicket, but in some contexts is used for Siberia) Inner M: Бор сойр ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ bor soir 'dun soir' (31, 32) |
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| Lagopus | ||||||||
Latin |
Eng, Fr, Ger, Ru |
Japanese |
Other J |
Chinese |
Chinese (Taiwan) |
Other Ch |
Korean |
Mongolian |
| Lagopus muta Lagopus mutus |
Rock ptarmigan Lagopède alpin Alpenschneehuhn Куропатка тундряная |
ライチョウ (雷鳥) raichō 'thunder-bird' |
岩雷鸟 (岩雷鳥) 'rock thunder-bird' |
雪鸡 (雪雞) 'snow-fowl' |
Цэвдгийн ахууна ᠴᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠣᠨᠠ tsevdgiŋ akhuun 'tundra ptarmigan' |
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中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
内蒙古动物志 (第三卷 鸟纲 非雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 3 Aves Non-Passerines) 主编：旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2013
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Tool tips by Walter Zorn |
