Phasianidae
Гургуулынхан
gurguuliŋkhaŋ

General

This list is 'in beta'. Information is from dictionaries and other sources. Kazakh, Turkish, and Korean glosses are tentative. Comments and corrections welcome. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.

Тhe Tetraoninae and Perdicinae are well represented in Mongolia and there is a good variety of names, although actual usage tends to vary by geographical location. The main ones are:

• Хөтүү khötüü (also Хүтүү khütüü): This name is usually applied to the Hazel Grouse.
• Хур khur: Usually applied to the Black Grouse. Also Хур шувуу khur shuvuu 'grouse bird'.
• Сойр soir is a name broadly used for the Grouse, Ptarmigans, and Capercaillies. In Mongolia and in Buryatia (where it is pronounced Һойр hoir), the name appears to be applied mainly to the Capercaillies. In Inner Mongolia the same name is applied to the Ptarmigans.
• Цорхируу tsorkhiruu (or Торхируу torkhiruu): This name is also applied to the Grouse, Ptarmigans, and Capercaillies. Probably related to the verb цорхих tsorkhikh '(of a bird) to cry in a loud voice'.
• Ятуу yatuu: A name used for the Ptarmigans/Willow Grouse and Partridges (genera Lagopus and Perdix).
• Хойлог khoilog: Used for the Snowcocks.
• Хахилаг khakh'lag: Used for the Chukar in Mongolia, for the Capercaillies (and possibly Hazel Grouse) in Inner Mongolia. Also Хахилаг ятуу khakh'lag yatuu 'chukar partridge'
• Бөднө bödön: Used for the Quails (with alternative forms Бүднэ büden and Бүднээ büdnee).
• Гургуул gurguul: Used for the Pheasants.
• Хөх ногтруу khökh nogtruu 'darkblue sandgrouse': An old name for the Hazel Grouse (also used for the Capercaillies).

Some of the Mongolian names are shared with Kazakh and other languages of Central Asia. For example the Chukar is Хахилаг khakh'lag in Mongolian, Кекілік (kekilik) in Kazakh, Кеклик in Russian, and Keklik in Turkish. The quails are known as Бөднө bödön in Mongolian and Бөдене bödene in Kazakh. There are other suggestive similarities: The Black Grouse is Хур khur in Mongolian and Құр qur in Kazakh. The Pheasant is Гургуул gurguul in Mongolian, Қырғауыл qirğawıl in Kazakh.

The names used in Inner Mongolia and to a lesser extent Buryat differ somewhat from those in Mongolia, as shown below (names are from dictionaries or online and may be incomplete):

The name Хур khur is listed in Inner Mongolian dictionaries as an abbreviation of Хур гургуул khur gurguul 'khur pheasant', identified as the 乌雉 wūzhì 'black pheasant' i.e. the Black Grouse, The differences in naming result in conflicts at a number of species or genera, including Tetrastes, Tetrao, Lyrurus, Lagopus, and Chukor.

Interestingly, a couple of Inner Mongolian names have been locally borrowed into Chinese, although perhaps they are listed in Chinese sources only as examples of 'other names found in China', not necessarily 'Chinese names'. Сойр soir has been borrowed as 苏衣尔 sūyī'ěr to refer to the Willow Grouse and 包日-苏衣尔 bāorì sūyī'ěr (Бор сойр) has been borrowed for the Hazel Grouse. Хойлог khoilog has been borrowed as 槐拉格 huáilāgé for the Tibetan Snowcock.

Ornithological naming

The ornithological names in Mongolia are as shown below. The 2007 official names make one major change in naming: the members of Lagopus are given the name Ахууна akhuun, which was previously applied to the Gaviidae. The reason given for this major change is that akhuun is used for these birds by locals.

In addition, the name of the quail is changed to a more current form.

Cultural

The Altai Snowcock was traditionally hunted for the supposed curative effects of its meat for the healing of wounds.

Species names

ABOUT THIS TABLE

PHASIANINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		MONGOLIA			EAST ASIAN			TURKIC
COTURNICINI
Coturnix
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Coturnix coturnix	Common quail Обыкновенный перепел	Эгэл бөднө ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ egel böden 'common quail'		Mongolia formerly: Бүднэ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ büden 'quail' or Бүднээ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ büdnee 'quail' Other: бүдэнэ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ büdene 'quail' (Buryat)	西鹌鹑 (西鵪鶉) xī ānchun 'western quail' (2, 4) 鹌鹑 (鵪鶉) ānchun 'quail' (3, 5) Note	ヨーロッパウズラ (ヨーロッパ鶉) yōroppa uzura 'European quail'		Бөдене bödene 'quail'	Bıldırcın 'quail'
Coturnix japonica	Japanese quail Немой, Японский перелел	Наран бөднө ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ naraŋ böden 'Japanese quail'	Бүднэ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ büden 'quail' (31, 32)	Mongolia formerly: Наран бүднээ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ naraŋ büdnee 'Japanese quail (variant form)'	鹌鹑 (鵪鶉) ānchun 'quail' (2, 4) 日本鹌鹑 (日本鵪鶉) rìběn ānchun 'Japanese quail' (3, 5) Taiwan: (鹌鹑) 鵪鶉 ānchun 'quail'	ウズラ (鶉) uzura 'quail'	메추라기 me-churagi 'mountain-quail'
Tetraogallus
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Tetraogallus altaicus	Altai snowcock Altai snow cock Алтайский улар, Алтайская горная индейка	Алтайн хойлог ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠢᠢᠯᠣᠭ altaiŋ khoilog 'Altai snowcock'			阿尔泰雪鸡 (阿爾泰雪雞) ā'ěrtài xuě-jī 'Altai snow-fowl/chicken'	アルタイセッケイ (アルタイ雪鶏) arutai sekkei 'Altai snow-fowl/chicken'		Алтай ұлары altay uları 'Altai snowcock'
Alectoris
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Alectoris chukar	Chukar partridge Chukar Chukor partridge Кеклик, Азиатский кэклик, Азиатская каменная куропатка	Эрээнхавирга хахилаг ᠡᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠢᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ ereeŋ-khav'rag khakh'lag 'mottle-sided chukar'	Хушуу улаан ятуу ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ khoshuu ulaaŋ yatuu 'red-bill partridge' (31, 32)	Mongolia formerly: Хахилаг ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ khakh'lag 'chukar' IM also: Гогоо тахиа ᠭᠣᠭᠣᠣ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠵ᠎ᠠ gogoo takhia 'gogoo fowl/chicken' (onomat.) (alt in 31)	石鸡 (石雞) shí-jī 'rock fowl/chicken'	イワシャコ (岩鷓鴣) iwa-shako 'rock partridge'		Кекілік kekilik 'chukar'	Keklik 'chukar' Kınalı Keklik 'henna'ed chukar'
PHASIANINI
Phasianus
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Phasianus colchicus	Common pheasant Фазан, Обыкновенный фазан	Зэрлэг гургуул ᠵᠠᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ zerleg gurguul 'wild pheasant'	Гургуул ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ gurguul 'pheasant' (31, 32)	Mongolia formerly: Гургуул ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ gurguul 'pheasant' Other: Горгол ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ gorgol 'pheasant' (Buryat)	环颈雉 (環頸雉) huán-jǐng zhì 'ring-necked pheasant' (alt in 1, 2, 4) 雉鸡 (雉雞) zhì-jī 'pheasant fowl/chicken' (3, 5. alt in 1) Taiwan: (环颈雉) 環頸雉 huán-jǐng zhì 'ring-necked pheasant'	コウライキジ (高麗雉) kōrai kiji 'Korean pheasant' (released species)	꿩 kkwong 'pheasant'	Қырғауыл qırğawıl 'pheasant'	Sülün 'pheasant'
TETRAONINI
Tetrastes
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Tetrastes bonasia Bonasa bonasia	Northern Hazel Grouse Hazel grouse Рябчик	Шивэр хөтүү ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ shiver khötüü 'hazel grouse' or 'Siberian grouse' (shiver can mean hazel tree or thicket, but in some contexts is used for Siberia)	Bonasa bonasa: Бор сойр ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ bor soir 'dun soir' (31, 32)	Mongolia formerly: Хөтүү ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ khötüü 'grouse' IM also: Хөх ногтруу ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠨᠣᠭᠲᠣᠷᠣ khükh nogtruu 'darkblue sandgrouse' (alt in 31) (W) Other: ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ Хүдүү ᠬᠦᠲᠣᠭᠦᠣ khüdüü 'grouse' (Buryat) Хахилаг ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ khakh'lag 'capercaillie' (Inner Mongolia)	花尾榛鸡 (花尾榛雞) huā-wěi zhēn-jī 'flower-tailed hazel-fowl/chicken'	エゾライチョウ (蝦夷雷鳥) ezo raichō 'Hokkaido thunder-bird'	들꿩 deul-kkwong 'meadow pheasant'	Сұр құр sur qur 'grey grouse'
Lagopus
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Lagopus lagopus	Willow grouse or Willow ptarmigan Red grouse Белая куропатка	Цагаан ахууна ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ tsagaaŋ akhuun 'white ptarmigan'	Цагаан ятуу ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ tsagaaŋ yatuu 'white partridge' (32)	Mongolia formerly: Цагаан ятуу ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ tsagaaŋ yatuu 'white partridge' IM also: Цагаан сойр ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ tsagaaŋ soir 'white capercaillie' (31) or Сойр ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ soir 'capercaillie' (alternative in 31) (conflicts with Mongolian name for Tetrao urogallus). Other: Сагаан торхируу ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ sagaan torkhiruu 'white partridge' (Buryat)	柳雷鸟 (柳雷鳥) liǔ léi-niǎo 'willow thunder-bird' (1, 2, 3, 4) 雷鸟 (雷鳥) léi-niǎo 'thunder-bird' (5. alt in 1)	カラフトライチョウ (樺太雷鳥) karafuto raichō 'Sakhalin thunder-bird'		Аққұр aq-qur 'white grouse'
Lagopus muta Lagopus mutus	Rock ptarmigan Тундренная куропатка	Цэвдгийн ахууна ᠴᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠠᠬᠣᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ tsevdgiŋ akhuun 'tundra ptarmigan'		Mongolia formerly: Цэвдгийн цагаан ятуу ᠴᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭ᠌ ᠦᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ tsevdgiŋ tsagaaŋ yatuu 'tundra white partridge' Other: Тундрын торхируу ᠲᠣᠨᠳ᠋ᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ tundrin torkhiruu 'tundra partridge' (Buryat)	岩雷鸟 (岩雷鳥) yán léi-niǎo 'rock thunder-bird'	ライチョウ (雷鳥) raichō 'thunder-bird'		Тундра аққұры twndra aq-qurı 'tundra white-grouse'
Tetrao
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Tetrao urogallus	Western capercaillie Capercaillie Wood Grouse Глухарь, Обыкновенный глухарь	Эгэл сойр ᠡᠬᠡᠯ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ egel soir 'common capercaillie'		Mongolia formerly: Сойр ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ soir 'capercaillie' (conflicts with Inner Mongolian name for Lagopus lagopus). or Ердийн сойр ᠶᠠᠷᠣᠳᠠ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ yordiŋ soir 'common capercaillie'	松鸡 (松雞) sōng-jī 'pine-fowl/chicken' (1, 2, 4, 5) 西方松鸡 (西方松雞) xīfāng sōng-jī 'western pine-fowl/chicken' (3. alt in 1, 5)	ヨーロッパオオライチョウ (ヨーロッパ大雷鳥) yōroppa ō raichō 'European large thunder-bird'		Меңіреу құр meñirew qur 'imbecile grouse'
Tetrao urogalloides Tetrao parvirostris	Black-billed capercaillie Spotted capercaillie Каменный глухарь	Tetrao parvirostris: Нургийн сойр ??? ᠰᠣᠢᠢᠷ nurgiŋ soir 'nurgin capercaillie' (possibly refers to low sound)	Tetrao parvirostris: Ар хахилаг ᠠᠷᠣ ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ ar khakh'lag 'northern capercaillie' (32)	Other: Хахилаг ᠬᠠᠬᠢᠯᠠᠭ khakh'lag 'capercaillie' (Inner Mongolia)	Tetrao parvirostris: 黑嘴松鸡 (黑嘴松雞) hēi-zuǐ sōng-jī 'black-billed pine-fowl/chicken'	Tetrao parvirostris: オオライチョウ (大雷鳥) ō raichō 'large thunder-bird'
Lyrurus
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Lyrurus tetrix Tetrao tetrix	Eurasian black grouse Black grouse Тетерев, Косач	Хар хур ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ khar khur 'black grouse'	Хур ᠬᠣᠷ khur 'grouse' (31, 32)	Mongolia formerly: Хур ᠬᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ khur 'grouse' IM also: Хур гургуул ᠬᠣᠷ ᠭᠣᠷᠭᠣᠣᠯ khur gurguul 'grouse pheasant' (alt in 31) Other: Хура ᠬᠣᠷ᠎ᠠ khurа 'grouse' (Buryat)	黑琴鸡 (黑琴雞) hēi qín jī 'black zither-fowl/chicken'	クロライチョウ (黒雷鳥) kuro raichō 'black thunder-bird'	멧닭 me-t-dalg 'mountain fowl'	Құр qur 'grouse'	Orman Horozu 'forest fowl/chicken'
GENERA INCERTAE SEDIS
Perdix
Latin	English/Russian	Mongolian	Inner M	Other M	Chinese	Japanese	Korean	Kazakh	Turkish
Perdix dauurica	Daurian partridge Бородатая куропатка	Дагуур ятуу ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ daguur yatuu 'Daur partridge'	Торхируу ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ torkhiruu 'partridge' (32)	Mongolia formerly: Дагуурын ятуу ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ daguuriŋ yatuu 'Daurian partridge' IM also: Дагуур ятуу ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ daguur yatuu 'Daur partridge' (31) or Ятуу ᠢᠲᠠᠭᠣ yatuu 'partridge' (alt in 31) Other: Дауриин торхируу ᠳᠠᠭᠣᠷ ᠦᠨ ᠲᠣᠷᠬᠢᠷᠠᠭᠣ daurin torkhiruu 'Daurian partridge' (Buryat)	斑翅山鹑 (斑翅山鶉) bān-chì shān-chún 'stripe-winged mountain-quail'	ヤマウズラ (山鶉) yama-uzura 'mountain-quail'		Сақалды шіл saqaldı şil 'bearded partridge'

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