Anatidae
Họ Vịt

General

The following is based on analysis of dictionaries and other sources. Comments and corrections welcome. Malaysian names are now being updated. For consistency, Vietnamese bird names (except for ducks and chickens) are preceded by the word Chim meaning 'bird'. Ornithological lists mostly omit this as understood. Hover over Green Lettering Green lettering at this site hides a tool tip with glosses, further explanations, etc. Hover cursor to reveal. to see additional information.

The general Vietnamese word for 'duck' is Vịt. Wild ducks are known as Vịt trời 'wild duck' (ornithologically referring specifically to Anas poecilorhyncha) or Vịt nước 'water duck'. Another (obviously onomatopoeic) word for duck is Cạc.

The teals are known as Chim két 'teal bird', Mòng két 'teal wildduck', and Ba kiếm. The word Mòng is also used in the Vietnamese names of the gulls, Chim mòng biển or Chim mòng bể, both literally meaning 'sea wildduck bird', as well as one of the names of the pelican, Chim Cò mòng ('wild-duck stork/heron')

Another set of names is Le or Le le, including the variant Le te, literally 'dirty le'. Le is used for the tree ducks and the cotton teal (which also roosts in trees), as well as for the grebes. Le le is used for the teal and the mallard. Since the name appears to be associated primarily with wild ducks, as opposed to the more familiar domesticated Vịt, these names have also been glossed as 'wildduck' in the tables.

Ngan is a Vietnamese term for swan or goose, probably from Chinese 鵝 (Mandarin é 'goose'). In Ornithological Vietnamese (see below), it has been specialised to refer to the now rare native species Asarcornis scutulata (previously Cairina scutulata) although it is now more normally used for Cairina moschata, a similar-looking but not closely related domesticated exotic. The domesticated Cairina moschata is somewhat larger than an ordinary domestic duck, has a crest on its head, and yields reddish meat.

The Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) is known as Uyên ương, a borrowing from Chinese 鴛鴦 yuān-yang. In Vietnam, as in China, the Mandarin duck is a conventional symbol of marital devotion due to its occurrence in mating pairs.

Wild geese are known as Ngỗng (sometimes Ngổng) in Vietnamese. Another name for wild geese is Hồng (from Chinese 鴻 hóng). Domestic geese are also known as Ngỗng, or more specifically Ngỗng nhà ('domestic goose').

Ornithological naming

In creating vernacular names, Vietnamese naturalists assign the names of anatid genera as follows:

Vietnamese name	Subfamily / Genus
Le	Dendrocygninae (tree ducks) and Nettapus (in the Anatinae). Also used for the Podicipedidae (grebes).
Ngỗng	Anserinae (geese)
Vịt	All members of the Anatinae (ducks), unless otherwise indicated, and Tadorninae (shelducks, etc.)
Ngan	Asarcornis (wood duck)
Uyên ương	Aix (mandarin duck)
Mòng két	Anas querquedela and Anas crecca (teals)

Cultural

Vietnamese has idioms involving ducks, including:

Như vịt nghe sấm 'like a duck listening to thunder' refers to 'stupefaction' or 'inability to understand a thing'.

Như nước đổ đầu vịt 'like pouring water on a duck's head' -- that is 'like water off a duck's back'.

Chữ Nôm

Characters used for anatids in the now obsolete Chữ Nôm characters include:

Name	Chu Nom Images from the Vietnamese Nôm Preservation Foundation dictionary. (Errors are the sole responsibility of the author of this site)
Le
Ngỗng	; ; (Chinese character)
Vịt	; ; ; (Chinese character)
Ngan	; ;
Uyên ương	(Chinese characters)
Mòng két	; (Chinese characters)

Species names

DENDROCYGNINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		VIETNAMESE		EAST ASIAN		S. E. ASIAN
Dendrocygna
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Dendrocygna javanica	Lesser whistling duck Lesser whistling-duck Whistling teal Lesser treeduck Indian whistling duck Dendrocygne siffleur	Le nâu 'brown wildduck' (12, 13, 34)	Chim le le 'wildduck bird'	栗树鸭 (栗樹鴨) lì shù-yā 'chestnut tree-duck' Taiwan: (树鸭) 樹鴨 shù-yā 'tree-duck'	リュウキュウガモ (琉球鴨) ryūkyū-gamo 'Ryukyu wildduck'	เป็ดแดง pèt-daeeŋ 'red duck'	Burung Belibis 'treeduck (bird)' (old, 24, 26) (same as Nettapus coromandelianus) Burung Belibis Kecil 'small treeduck (bird)' (28) Itik Belibis 'treeduck duck' (25)	Burung Belibis Polos 'plain treeduck (bird)' (30) Burung Belibis Kecil 'small treeduck (bird)' (29)
ANSERINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		VIETNAMESE		EAST ASIAN		S. E. ASIAN
ANSERINI
Anser
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Anser indicus	Bar-headed goose Oie à tête barrée	Ngỗng Ấn Độ 'Indian goose' (12)	Ngỗng trời đầu vạc 'stripe-headed sky (=wild) goose' (34)	斑头雁 (斑頭雁) bān-tóu yàn 'stripe-headed wildgoose'	インドガン (インド雁) indo gan 'Indian wildgoose'	ห่านหัวลาย hàan hŭa-laay 'stripe-headed goose'	Burung Angsa Belang 'striped goose (bird)' (24)
Anser anser	Greylag goose Oie cendrée	Ngỗng trời 'sky goose' = 'wild goose' (12, 13, 34)		灰雁 (灰雁) huī yàn 'grey wildgoose' Taiwan: (灰雁) 灰雁 huī yàn 'grey wildgoose'	ハイイロガン (灰色雁) hai-iro gan 'grey-coloured wildgoose'	ห่านเทาปากสีชมพู hàan tʰaw pàak-sĭi-cʰom-pʰuu 'pink-billed grey goose'	Burung Angsa Kelabu 'grey goose (bird)' (24)
ANATINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		VIETNAMESE		EAST ASIAN		S. E. ASIAN
MERGINI
Mergus
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Mergus squamatus	Scaly-sided Merganser Chinese Merganser Harle de Chine	Vịt mỏ nhọn 'sharp-billed duck' (12, 13, 34)		中华秋沙鸭 (中華秋沙鴨) zhōnghuá qiūshā-yā 'Chinese autumn-sand duck' Taiwan: (唐秋沙) 唐秋沙 táng qiūshā 'Chinese autumn-sand'	コウライアイサ (高麗秋沙) kōrai aisa 'Korean merganser' (written 'Korean autumn-sand')	เป็ดปากยาวข้างลาย pèt pàak-yaaw kʰâaŋ-laay 'stripe-sided long-billed duck'	Itik Rintik 'speckled duck' (24)
TADORNINI
Tadorna
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Tadorna tadorna	Common shelduck Shelduck Tadorne de Belon	Vịt khoang 'streaked duck' (12, 13, 34)		翘鼻麻鸭 (翹鼻麻鴨) qiáo-bí má-yā 'recurved-nosed hemp-duck' Taiwan: (花凫) 花鳧 huā fú 'flowery wildduck'	ツクシガモ (筑紫鴨) tsukushi-gamo 'Kyushu wildduck'	เป็ดเชลดัก pèt cʰeen-dàk 'shelduck duck' (cʰeen-dàk from English 'shelduck')	Itik Kolam 'pond duck' (24)
Tadorna ferruginea	Ruddy shelduck Tadorne casarca	Vịt vàng 'yellow duck' (12, 13, 34)		赤麻鸭 (赤麻鴨) chì má-yā 'red hemp-duck' Taiwan: (渎凫) 瀆鳧 dú fú 'ditch wildduck'	アカツクシガモ (赤筑紫鴨) aka tsukushi-gamo 'red Kyushu wildduck'	เป็ดพม่า pèt pʰa-mâa 'Burmese duck'	Itik Belacan 'speckled duck' (24)
AYTHYINI
Asarcornis
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Asarcornis scutulata Cairina scutulata	White-winged duck White-winged wood duck Canard à ailes blanches	Cairina scutulata: Ngan cánh trắng 'white-winged woodduck' (12, 13, 34) Taxonomy		白翅栖鸭 (白翅栖鴨 or 白翅棲鴨) bái-chì qī-yā 'white-winged roosting duck'	ハジロモリガモ (羽白森鴨) ha-jiro mori-gamo 'white-winged forest wildduck'	เป็ดก่า pèt kàa 'kàa duck' (onomat.) Taxonomy	Itik Serati Hutan 'forest (=wild) Surat duck' Burung Serati Hutan 'forest (=wild) Surat bird' (24, 26, 28)	Mentok Rimba 'jungle (=wild) Muscovy-duck' (30) Itik Sayap Putih 'white-winged duck' (29)
Aythya
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Aythya ferina	Common Pochard Fuligule milouin	Vịt đầu đỏ 'red-headed duck' (12, 13, 34)		红头潜鸭 (紅頭潛鴨) hóng-tóu qián-yā 'red-headed diving-duck' Taiwan: (红头潜鸭) 紅頭潛鴨 hóng-tóu qián-yā 'red-headed diving-duck'	ホシハジロ (星羽白) hoshi ha-jiro 'starred white-wing'	เป็ดโปช้าดหลังขาว pèt poocʰáat lăŋ-kʰăaw 'white-backed pochard duck' (poocʰáat from English 'pochard')	Itik Tasik 'lake duck' (24)
Aythya baeri	Baer's Pochard Fuligule de Baer	Vịt đầu đen 'black-headed duck' (12, 13, 34)		青头潜鸭 (青頭潛鴨) qīng-tóu qián-yā 'green/blue-headed diving-duck' Taiwan: (青头潜鸭) 青頭潛鴨 qīng-tóu qián-yā 'green/blue-headed diving-duck'	アカハジロ (赤羽白) aka ha-jiro 'red white-wing'	เป็ดดำหัวดำ pèt dam hŭa-dam 'black-headed black duck'	Itik Air 'water (=wild) duck' (24) (conflicts with Nettapus coromandelianus and Heliopais personatus)
Aythya nyroca	Ferruginous duck Ferruginous Pochard White-eyed Pochard Fuligule nyroca	Vịt mặt trắng 'white-faced duck' (12, 13) Vịt mắt trắng 'white-eyed duck' (34) Name		白眼潜鸭 (白眼潛鴨) bái-yǎn qián-yā 'white-eyed diving-duck' Taiwan: (白眼潜鸭) 白眼潛鴨 bái-yǎn qián-yā 'white-eyed diving duck'	メジロガモ (目白鴨, 眼白鴨) me-jiro-gamo 'white-eyed wildduck'	เป็ดดำหัวสีน้ำตาล pèt dam hŭa-sĭi-nám-taan 'brown-headed black duck'	Itik Mata Putih 'white-eyed duck' (24)
Aythya fuligula	Tufted duck Fuligule morillon	Vịt mào 'crested duck' (12, 13, 34)		凤头潜鸭 (鳳頭潛鴨) fèng-tóu qián-yā 'phoenix-headed diving-duck' Taiwan: (风头潜鸭) 鳳頭潛鴨 fèng-tóu qián-yā 'phoenix-headed diving-duck'	キンクロハジロ (金黒羽白) kin-kuro ha-jiro 'gold-black white-wing'	เป็ดเปีย pèt pia 'tufted (rear of head) duck'	Itik Jambul 'crested duck' (24, 26, 28) Itik Berjambul 'crested duck' (25) (conflicts with Netta rufina)	Kambangan Hitam 'black divingduck'
Aythya marila	Greater scaup Scaup duck Scaup Fuligule milouinan	Vịt biển 'sea duck' (12, 13, 34)		斑背潜鸭 (斑背潛鴨) bān-bèi qián-yā 'spot-backed diving-duck' Taiwan: (斑背潜鸭) 斑背潛鴨 bān-bèi qián-yā 'spot-backed diving-duck'	スズガモ (鈴鴨) suzu-gamo 'bell wildduck'	เป็ดดำหลังขาว pèt dam lăŋ-kʰăaw 'white-backed black duck'	Itik Besar 'large duck' (24)
ANATINI
Spatula
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Spatula querquedula Anas querquedula	Garganey Sarcelle d'été	Anas querquedula: Mòng két mày trắng 'white-eyebrowed teal wildduck' (12, 13, 34)		白眉鸭 (白眉鴨) bái-méi yā 'white-eyebrowed duck' Taiwan: (白眉鸭) 白眉鴨 bái-méi yā 'white-eyebrowed duck'	シマアジ (縞味 ~ 島味) shima-aji 'striped teal' (written 'striped flavour'. 味 'flavour' is used solely for pronunciation. Also written with the specially created character 䳑 aji)	เป็ดลาย pèt laay 'striped duck'	Itik Kening Putih 'white-eyebrowed duck' (28) Itik Garganey 'garganey duck' (garganey from English) (26) Itik Gargany 'garganey duck' (gargany respelt from English) (24) Itik Berkik 'snipe duck' (25) (conflicts with alternative name of Nettapus coromandelianus)	Itik Jurai 'bunchfringed duck' (30) Itik Alis Putih 'white-eyebrowed duck' (29)
Spatula clypeata Anas clypeata	Northern shoveller Shoveller Common shoveller Red shoveller Canard souchet	Anas clypeata: Vịt mỏ thìa 'spoon-billed duck' (12, 13, 34)		琵嘴鸭 (琵嘴鴨) pí-zuǐ yā 'spatula-billed duck' Taiwan: (琵嘴鸭) 琵嘴鴨 pí-zuǐ yā 'spatula-billed duck'	ハシビロガモ (嘴広鴨) hashi-biro-gamo 'broad-billed wildduck'	เป็ดปากพลั่ว pèt pàak-pʰlûa 'shovel-billed duck'	Itik Paruh Bajak 'plough-billed duck' (25, 28) Itik Paruh Sudu 'spoon-billed duck' (26) Itik Sudu 'spoon duck' (24)
Sibirionetta
Sibirionetta formosa Anas formosa	Baikal teal Sarcelle élégante	Anas formosa: Vịt Bai can 'Baikal duck (bird)' (13)		花脸鸭 (花臉鴨) huā-liǎn yā 'flowery-faced duck' Taiwan: (巴鸭) 巴鴨 bā yā 'snakepatterned duck'	トモエガモ (巴鴨) tomoe-gamo 'snakepatterned wildduck'	เป็ดเปียหน้าเหลือง pèt pia nâa-lĕuaŋ 'yellow-faced tufted (rear of head) duck'	Itik Russia 'Russian duck' (24)
Mareca
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Mareca falcata Anas falcata	Falcated Duck Falcated Teal Canard à faucilles	Anas falcata: Vịt lưỡi liềm 'crescent duck' (12, 13, 34)		罗纹鸭 (羅紋鴨) luó-wén yā 'whorl-patterned duck' Taiwan: (罗文鸭) 羅文鴨 luó-wén yā 'whorl-patterned duck'	ヨシガモ (葦鴨) yoshi-gamo 'reed-wildduck'	เป็ดเปียหน้าเขียว pèt pia nâa-kʰĭaw 'green-faced tufted (rear of head) duck'	Itik Teratai 'lotus duck' (24)
Mareca strepera Anas strepera	Gadwall Canard chipeau	Anas strepera: Vịt cánh trắng 'white-winged duck' (12, 13)	Vịt trời 'sky duck' = 'wild duck' (34) (conflicts with name for Anas poecilorhyncha)	赤膀鸭 (赤膀鴨) chì-bǎng yā 'red-winged duck' Taiwan: (赤膀鸭) 赤膀鴨 chì-bǎng yā 'red-winged duck'	オカヨシガモ (丘葦鴨) oka yoshi-gamo 'hill reed-wildduck'	เป็ดเทาก้นดำ pèt tʰaw kôn-dam 'black-vented grey duck'
Anas
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Anas poecilorhyncha Anas poecilorhynchus	Indian Spot-billed Duck Spot-billed Duck Spotbill Duck Yellow-nib duck Canard à bec tacheté	Vịt trời 'sky duck' = 'wild duck' (12, 13) (conflicts with (34) name for Mareca strepera)	Vịt mỏ đốm 'spot-billed duck' (34)	斑嘴鸭 (斑嘴鴨) bān-zuǐ yā 'spot-billed duck' Taxonomy	カルガモ (軽鴨) karu-gamo 'light-wildduck' Taxonomy	เป็ดเทา pèt tʰaw 'grey duck'	Itik Paruh Bintik 'spot-billed duck' (24)
Anas platyrhynchos	Mallard Canard colvert	Vịt cổ xanh 'blue/green-necked duck' (12, 34)	Vịt mỏ vàng 'yellow-billed duck (bird)' (13) Vịt nước 'water duck' Le le 'wildduck	绿头鸭 (綠頭鴨) lǜ-tóu yā 'green-headed duck' Taiwan: (绿头鸭) 綠頭鴨 lǜ-tóu yā 'green-headed duck'	マガモ (真鴨) ma-gamo 'true wildduck'	เป็ดหัวเขียว pèt hŭa-kʰĭaw 'green-headed duck'	Itik Melewar 'flocking (or abundant) duck' (24)
Anas acuta	Northern pintail Pintail Canard pilet	Vịt mốc 'stake duck' (12, 13, 34)		针尾鸭 (針尾鴨) zhēn-wěi yā 'needle-tailed duck' Taiwan: (尖尾鸭) 尖尾鴨 jiān-wěi yā 'sharp-tailed duck'	オナガガモ (尾長鴨) o-naga-gamo 'long-tailed wildduck'	เป็ดหางแหลม pèt hăaŋ-lăeem 'point-tailed duck'	Itik Ekor Runcing 'sharp-tailed duck' (26, 28) Itik Muara 'estuary duck' (24, 25)	Itik Lancip 'acute duck' (tapering to a point) (30) Itik Ekor Lonjong 'tapering-tailed duck' (lonjong from Javanese) (29)
Anas crecca	Common teal or Green-winged teal Teal Sarcelle d'hiver	Mòng két 'teal wildduck' (12, 13, 34)	Chim két 'teal bird' Ba kiếm mùa đông 'winter teal'	绿翅鸭 (綠翅鴨) lǜ-chì yā 'green-winged duck' Taiwan: (小水鸭) 小水鴨 xiǎo shuǐ-yā 'small water duck'	コガモ (小鴨) ko-gamo 'small wildduck'	เป็ดปีกเขียว pèt pìik-kʰĭaw 'green-winged duck'	Itik Kecil 'small duck' (28) Itik Teal 'teal duck' (teal from English) (26) Itik Eropah 'European duck' (24, 25)
GENERA INCERTAE SEDIS
Sarkidiornis
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Sarkidiornis melanotos	Comb duck Nakta Canard à bosse	Vịt mồng 'rainbow duck' (12, 34)		瘤鸭 (瘤鴨) liú yā 'lump duck'	コブガモ (瘤鴨) kobu-gamo 'lump wildduck'	เป็ดหงส์ pèt hŏŋ 'swan duck'	Itik Sisir 'comb duck' (24)
Aix
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Aix galericulata	Mandarin duck Mandarin Canard mandarin	Uyên ương (= Chinese 鴛鴦 yuān-yang 'mandarinduck') (12, 13, 34)		鸳鸯 (鴛鴦) yuān-yang 'mandarinduck' Taiwan: (鸳鸯) 鴛鴦 yuān-yang 'mandarinduck'	オシドリ (鴛鴦) oshi-dori 'mandarinduck bird' (written with the characters used to write the Chinese name)	เป็ดแมนดาริน pèt maeen-daa-rin 'mandarin duck' (maeen-daa-rin from English 'mandarin')	Itik Mandarin 'Mandarin duck' (from English) (24)
Nettapus
Latin	English/French	Vietnamese	Other V	Chinese	Japanese	Thai	Malaysian	Indonesian
Nettapus coromandelianus	Cotton teal or Indian pygmy-goose Cotton pygmy-goose Anserelle de Coromandel	Le khoang cổ 'streak-necked wildduck' (12, 13, 34)		棉凫 (棉鳧) mián fú 'cotton wildduck' Taiwan: (棉鸭) 棉鴨 mián yā 'cotton duck'	ナンキンオシ (南京鴛鴦) nankin oshi 'Nanjing mandarinduck'	เป็ดคับแค pèt kʰáp-kʰaee 'kʰáp-kʰaee duck' (onomat.?)	Itik Kapas 'cotton duck' (24, 25, 26, 28) or Itik Air 'water (=wild) duck' (old, alt in 26, 28) (error from misunderstanding of Robinson) (conflicts with Aythya baeri and Heliopais personatus) or Burung Belabas 'treeduck (bird)' (alt in 26, 28) (same as Dendrocygna javanica)	Trutu Hijau 'green pygmygoose' (30) Itik Putih 'white duck' (29)

As a subspecies of A. poecilorhyncha, A. p. zonorhyncha is known by the Japanese name カルガモ karu-gamo (軽鴨) 'light-wildduck' (Wikipedia).

Apart from A. zonorhyncha, which now has species status, other subspecies of A. poecilorhyncha are: A. p. haringtoni, known in Japanese as ビルマカルガモ biruma karu-gamo (ビルマ軽鴨) 'Burmese light-wildduck', and A. p. poecilorhyncha, known in Japanese as アカボシカルガモ aka-boshi karu-gamo (赤星軽鴨) 'red-starred light-wildduck' (Wikipedia).

As a subspecies ofA. poecilorhyncha, A. p. zonorhyncha is known in Chinese as 普通亚种 pǔtōng yàzhǒng 'common subspecies' (Cheng 2000).

The subspecies A. p. haringtoni is known in Chinese as 云南亚种 yúnnán yàzhǒng 'Yunnan subspecies' (Cheng 2000).

Belibis (written variously as belibis, meliwis, mliwis, and probably also belabas, belebas) is an old name for Dendrocygna tree-ducks. Belabas comes from a single old record which was never independently confirmed. Belebas is only found in an old copying error of that same record.

Itik surati 'duck from Surat' (from its supposed introduction via India) is an old name for the domestic Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata. The name was initially respelt as serati by (24) and subsequently copied elsewhere. Serati has been adapted with a modifier meaning 'wild' to refer to the similar-appearing native wood-duck Asarcornis scutulata.

Mentok (variously written mentok, mentog, entok, entog) is an old name for the the introduced domestic Muscovy or Manila Duck Cairina moschata. The name has been adapted with a modifier meaning 'wild' to refer to the similar-appearing native wood-duck Asarcornis scutulata.

Belabas comes from a single old record which was never independently confirmed. Belebas is only in an old copying error of that same record. Belabas is probably the same name as belibis (written variously as belibis, meliwis, mliwis), an old name for Dendrocygna tree-ducks.

Mostly from Robinson (& Chasen) 1927-1939 v1-4; additions from Madoc 1947 (et.seq.), and Glenister 1951 (both mostly names copied from Robinson)

Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999

Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000

Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Perhilitan (Jabatam Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Semenanjung Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 1981
(List of the Names of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1981)

The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 1 - Non-passerines by Wells, David R., Academic Press, London 1999

A Field Guide to the Birds of West Malaysia and Singapore by Jeyarajasingam, Allen and Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999

A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (second edition) by Jeyarajasingham, Allen, Illustrations by Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012

A Field Guide to the Birds of Java and Bali (second edition) by MacKinnon, John, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta 1990

Burung Nusantara checklist of Birds of Indonesia

Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009