Anatidae
鸭科
yā kē

Шанхат shaŋkhat is a term related to hair. Dictionary definitions range from 'topknot', 'wig' to the hair over a woman's forehead that is often tied into two strands to hang over the temple. The relationship to the Bean Goose is not totally clear.

Possibly related to манхан maŋkhaŋ, which refers to a white patch on the head or a white blaze on a horse's forehead.

In dictionaries, this word has at least two variant forms, шовгор shovgor and шовхгор shovkhgor, not to mention a type of dog with a pointed nose called шовшгор shovshgor. The form шовтгор shovtgor appears to be mostly found in bird lists. The traditional spelling used here is that given in the large 5-volume Mongolian dictionary, шовгор shovgor.

The term хотгуужин khotguujiŋ is not found in Mongolian dictionaries. It appears to be from the word ходгочин khodogchiŋ which previously had the sense of 'clown', and was possibly the result of a calque on Chinese 丑鸭 chǒu-yā 'clown duck'. Ходгочин khotogchiŋ may have been modified to хотгуужин because of unfamiliarity with the word and misreading of the traditional Mongolian script. Superficially, the name looks like хот khot = 'mane, skirt, stomach', гуужих guujikh 'to moult', thus 'mane moulter'.

The word Чөрх chörkh has been pressed into service in ornithological Mongolian for the genus Histrionicus. It has the literal meaning 'cow's nose ring' and is not found in dictionaries with the meaning 'duck'.

The word дөр dör refers to a cow's nosering. This is possibly related to the peculiar shape of the bill.

The word буйл buil refers to a camel's wooden nosepeg. This is highly suggestive of a link with the Mongolian name, Дөрт нугас dört nugas 'cow's nosering', which may be related to the peculiar shape of the bill. However, the word also means 'gums (of teeth)' or the part of a blade near the handle. As such, it quite possibly refers to the characteristic swelling near the base of the bill of the Velvet Scoter.

From the original collocation of Бохио нугас bokhio nugas 'untidy / clumsy / dirty duck', бохио bokhio can now by itself be used to mean 'merganser, goosander'.

As a subspecies of A. poecilorhyncha, A. p. zonorhyncha is known by the Japanese name カルガモ karu-gamo (軽鴨) 'light-wildduck' (Wikipedia).

Apart from A. zonorhyncha, which now has species status, other subspecies of A. poecilorhyncha are: A. p. haringtoni, known in Japanese as ビルマカルガモ biruma karu-gamo (ビルマ軽鴨) 'Burmese light-wildduck', and A. p. poecilorhyncha, known in Japanese as アカボシカルガモ aka-boshi karu-gamo (赤星軽鴨) 'red-starred light-wildduck' (Wikipedia).

As a subspecies ofA. poecilorhyncha, A. p. zonorhyncha is known in Chinese as 普通亚种 pǔtōng yàzhǒng 'common subspecies' (Cheng 2000).

The subspecies A. p. haringtoni is known in Chinese as 云南亚种 yúnnán yàzhǒng 'Yunnan subspecies' (Cheng 2000).

中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000

中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005

中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000

世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002

世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002

中国鸟类分布名录 第二版 郑作新 科学出版社 北京 1976年
(Checklist of the Classification of Birds of China 2nd edition by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 1976)

香港及華南鳥類（第六版）（翻譯成中文及重新修訂） 尹璉、費嘉倫、林超英 香港性徵特區政府新聞處政府印務局 1994年
Birds of Hong Kong and South China (6th edition, translated into Chinese and newly revised) by Clive Viney, Karen Phillipps, Lin Chaoying, Hong Kong Govt. Press 1994

Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999

Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000

汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990

内蒙古动物志 (第三卷 鸟纲 非雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 3 Aves Non-Passerines) 主编：旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2013