General
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The lapwings are known in Mongolian as Хавтгаалж khavtgaalj or Хавтгалж khavtgalj, with a related form Хавтгаалжин khavtgaaljiŋ. (Хавтгалж khavtgalj is listed in some dictionaries as meaning 'snipe'. Some Russian dictionaries give Заараг шувуу zaarag shuvuu for the lapwings, but this appears to be properly used for birds in the Sylviidae.)
The Buryat name is Хабтагаалжан khabtagaaljan or Хабтаалжан khabtaaljan.
In contrast, the plovers do not appear to have a widely accepted name in Mongolian. In Inner Mongolia, the plovers are called Тонгор tongor, a word found in large Mongolian dictionaries as the name of a 'bird that lives on shores'. In pre-2007 ornithological lists, the plovers are called Сүвээ цагаан süvee tsagaaŋ, meaning 'side-white', mostly applied to the Pluvialinae, and Хиазат khiazat, meaning 'laced' or 'inlaid', applied to the Charadriinae, but these are not found in ordinary dictionaries with the meaning 'plover'. (For the record, Japanese-Mongolian dictionaries give Усны шаазгай usni shaazgai 'water magpie'.)
Ornithological naming
The 2007 "binomial-style" official list assigns names to genera as follows:
| Genus | Inner M old | Inner M | Old | New |
| Vanellus (Lapwings) | Inner M old: Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
Inner M: Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
Mongolia formerly: Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
Хавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
| Microsarcops (Lapwings) | Inner M old: Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
Inner M: Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
Mongolia formerly: Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
Зуунхурга zuuŋhurag |
| Chettusia (Lapwings) | -- | -- | Mongolia formerly: Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj |
Хавтгалж khavtgalj |
| Pluvialis (Plovers) | Inner M old: Алаг тонгор alag toŋgor |
Inner M: Тонгор toŋgor |
Mongolia formerly: Сүвээ цагаан süvee tsagaaŋ; Хавтгаалжин khavtgaaljiŋ |
Сүвээцагаан süvee-tsagaaŋ |
| Charadrius (Plovers) | Inner M old: Алаг тонгор alag toŋgor |
Inner M: Тонгор toŋgor |
Mongolia formerly: Хиазат khiazat; Сүвээ цагаан süvee tsagaaŋ |
Хиазат khiazat |
| Eudromius (Plovers) | -- | Тонгор toŋgor |
Mongolia formerly: Сүвээ цагаан süvee tsagaaŋ |
Цагаанхиазат tsagaaŋ-khiazat |
Three separate names have been assigned to the three lapwing genera (which are not recognised in Howard and Moore). Besides the creation of one new name (Зуунхурга zuuŋhurag 'hundred lambs') for Microsarcops, ornithological Mongolian attempts to use minor linguistic variation between Xавтгаалж khavtgaalj and Xавтгалж khavtgalj -- both written identically in the traditional script -- to distinguish between Vanellus and Chettusia.
Species names
| PLUVIALINAE | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
MONGOLIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
TURKIC |
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| Pluvialis | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
Pluvialis squatarola |
Grey plover or Black-bellied plover Тулес |
Буурал сүвээцагаан ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ buural süvee-tsagaaŋ 'greyish side-white' |
Буурал тонгор ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠯ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ buural toŋgor 'greyish plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Буурал сүвээ цагаан ᠪᠣᠭᠣᠷᠣᠯ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ buural süvee tsagaaŋ 'greyish side-white' Other: Тарлан хавтгаалжин ᠲᠠᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢᠨ tarlaŋ khavtgaaljiŋ 'varicoloured lapwing' |
灰鸻 (灰鴴) 'grey plover1' (2, 4, 5) 灰鸻 (灰斑鴴) 'grey striped plover1' (1, 3. alt in 5) Taiwan: (灰斑鸻) 灰斑鴴 'grey striped plover' |
ダイゼン (大膳) daizen 'caterer/provisioner' (ancient court rank - reason for name unclear) |
개꿩 gae-kkwong 'estuary (?) pheasant' |
Маусымқұс ماۋسىمقۇس mawsım-qus 'time/season bird' |
Gümüş Yağmurcun 'silver rain-bird' |
| Pluvialis fulva |
Pacific golden plover Pacific golden-plover Eastern golden plover Бурокрылая ржанка, Азиатская бурокрылая ржанка |
Азийн сүвээцагаан ᠠᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ aziŋ süvee-tsagaaŋ 'Asian side-white' |
Цоохор тонгор ᠴᠣᠬᠣᠷ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ tsoochor toŋgor 'spotted plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Азийн сүвээ цагаан ᠠᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ aziŋ süvee tsagaaŋ 'Asian side-white' Inner M formerly: Бор алаг тонгор ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ bor alag toŋgor 'dun motley plover1' (31) Other: Азийн шаргал сүвээ цагаан ᠠᠽᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ aziŋ shargal süvee tsagaaŋ 'Asian yellowish side-white' Шаргал сүвээ цагаан ᠰᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ shargal süvee tsagaaŋ 'yellowish side-white' |
金鸻 (金鴴) 'gold plover1' (1, 2, 4, 5) 金斑鸻 (金斑鴴) 'gold-striped plover1' (3, 1, 5)  Taxonomy Taiwan: (太平洋金斑鸻) 太平洋金斑鴴 'Pacific gold-striped plover' |
ムナグロ (胸黒) muna-guro 'black-breast' |
검은가슴물떼새 geomeun-gaseum-mul-tte-sae 'black-breasted tide-bird' |
Қошқылқанат татрең qoşqıl-qanat tatreñ 'brownishyellow-winged tatren' |
Küçük Altın Yağmurcun 'small golden rain-bird' |
| CHARADRIINAE | |||||||||
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
MONGOLIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
TURKIC |
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| Eudromias | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Eudromias morinellus Charadrius morinellus |
Eurasian dotterel Dotterel Хрустан, Глупая ржанка, Глупая сивка |
Eudromias morinellus: Урианхайн цагаанхиазат ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ uriaŋkhaiŋ tsagaaŋ-khiazat 'Uriankhai white-plover' |
Урианхайн тонгор ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ uriaŋkhaiŋ toŋgor 'Uriankhai plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Урианхайн сүвээ цагаан ᠣᠷᠢᠶᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠦᠪᠦᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ uriaŋkhaiŋ süvee tsagaaŋ 'Uriankhai side white' |
小嘴鸻 (小嘴鴴) 'small-billed plover' |
コバシチドリ (小嘴千鳥) ko-bashi chi-dori 'small-billed thousand-bird' |
흰눈썹물떼새 huin-nun-sseom-mul-tte-sae 'white-eyebrowed tide-bird' |
Алқалы татрең alqalı tatreñ 'long-legged? tatreñ |
Dağ Cılıbıtı 'mountain plover' or Dağ Yağmurkuşu 'mountain rain-bird' |
| Charadrius | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Charadrius hiaticula |
Common ringed plover Ringed plover Галстучник, Большой зуек |
Хүзүүвчит хиазат ᠬᠦᠵᠣᠬᠦᠪᠴᠢᠲᠣ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ khüzüüvchit khiazat 'collared plover' |
Хошуурхаг тонгор ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ khushuurxag toŋgor 'billed plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Хиазат сүвээ цагаан ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ ᠰᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ khiazat süvee tsagaaŋ 'laced (=plover) side-white' Inner M formerly: Хошуураг алаг тонгор ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ khushuurag alag toŋgor 'billed motley plover1' (31) |
剑鸻 (劍鴴) 'sword plover' (conflicts with the Taiwanese name for C. placidus) Taiwan: (环颈鸻) 環頸鴴 'ring-necked plover' (conflicts with the Mainland name for C. alexandrinus) |
ハジロコチドリ (羽白小千鳥) ha-jiro ko chi-dori 'white-winged small thousand-bird' |
흰죽지꼬마물떼새 huin-jukji-kkoma-mul-tte-sae 'white wing-joint midget tide-bird' |
Шүрілдек торғай şürildek torğay 'noisy sparrow' |
Kolyeli Büyük Yağmurkuşu 'necklaced large rain-bird' or Halkalı Cılıbıt 'ringed plover' |
| Charadrius dubius |
Little ringed plover Малый галстучник, Малый зуек |
Нарийн хиазат ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ nariŋ khiazat 'slender plover' |
Хар хүзүүт тонгор ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ khar khüzüüt toŋgor 'black-necked plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Нарийн хиазат ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ nariŋ khiazat 'slender plover' Inner M formerly: Хар хүзүүт алаг тонгор ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠲᠦ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ khar khüzüüt alag toŋgor 'black-necked motley plover1' (31) |
金眶鸻 (金眶鴴) 'gold frame plover' or 黑领鸻 (黑領鴴) 'black-collared plover' (alt in 1) Taiwan: (小环颈鸻) 小環頸鴴 'small ring-necked plover' |
コチドリ (小千鳥) ko chi-dori 'small thousand-bird' |
꼬마물떼새 kkoma-mul-tte-sae 'midget tide-bird' |
Шаушүрілдек торғай şaw-şürildek torğay 'şaw-şürildek sparrow' |
Kolyeli Küçük Yağmurkuşu 'necklaced small rain-bird' or Halkalı Küçük Cılıbıt 'ringed small plover' |
| Charadrius alexandrinus |
Kentish plover Snowy plover Морской зуек |
Тэнгисийн хиазат ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ tengisiŋ khiazat 'sea plover' |
Цагаан хүзүүт тонгор ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠲᠦ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ tsagaaŋ khüzüüt toŋgor 'white-necked plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Тэнгисийн хиазат ᠲᠡᠩᠭᠢᠰ ᠦᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ tengisiŋ khiazat 'sea plover' Inner M formerly: Цагаан хүзүүт алаг тонгор ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠦᠵᠦᠬᠦᠲᠦ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ tsagaaŋ khüzüüt alag toŋgor 'white-necked motley plover1' (31) |
环颈鸻 (環頸鴴) 'ring-necked plover' (conflicts with the Taiwanese name for C. hiaticula) or 白领鸻 (白領鴴) 'white-collared plover' (alt in 1) Taiwan: (东方环颈鸻) 東方環頸鴴 'eastern ring-necked plover' |
シロチドリ (白千鳥) shiro chi-dori 'white thousand-bird' |
흰물떼새 huin-mul-tte-sae 'white tide-bird' |
Теңіз шүрілдек торғайы teñiz şürildek torğayı 'sea noisy sparrow' |
Akça Cılıbıt 'pallid plover' |
| Charadrius mongolus |
Lesser sand plover Mongolian plover Монгольский зуек |
Монгол хиазат ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ moŋgol khiazat 'Mongolian plover' |
Тонгор ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ toŋgor 'plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Монгол хиазат ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ moŋgol khiazat 'Mongolian plover' Inner M formerly: Монгол алаг тонгор ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ moŋgol alag toŋgor 'Mongolian motley plover1' (31) |
蒙古沙鸻 (蒙古沙鴴) 'Mongolian sand plover' Taiwan: (蒙古鸻) 蒙古鴴 'Mongolian plover' |
メダイチドリ (目大千鳥) me-dai chi-dori 'large-eyed thousand-bird' |
왕눈물떼새 wang-nun-mul-tte-sae 'king eye tide-bird' |
Монғол шүрілдегі monğol şürildegi 'Mongolian noisy [sparrow]' |
Moğol Cılıbıtı 'mongolian plover' |
| Charadrius leschenaultii |
Greater sand plover Great sand plover Large sand plover Большеклювый зуек, Толстоклювый зуек |
Зэвэн хиазат ᠵᠡᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ zeveŋ khiazat 'arrow-point plover' |
Зэвэн тонгор ᠵᠡᠪᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ zeveŋ toŋgor 'arrow-point plover1' (32) |
Inner M formerly: Элсэч алаг тонгор ᠡᠯᠡᠰᠣᠴᠢ ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ elsech alag toŋgor 'sand motley plover1' (31) |
铁嘴沙鸻 (鐵嘴沙鴴) 'iron-billed sand plover' Taiwan: (铁嘴鸻) 鐵嘴鴴 'iron-billed plover' |
オオメダイチドリ (大目大千鳥) ō me-dai chi-dori 'large large-eyed thousand-bird' |
큰왕눈물떼새 keun-wang-nun-mul-tte-sae 'large king eye tide-bird' |
Үлкентұмысықты шүрілдек торғай ülken-tumısıqtı şürildek torğay 'large-billed noisy sparrow' |
Büyük Cılıbıt 'large plover' or Çöl Yağmurkuşu 'desert rain-bird' |
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Charadrius veredus |
East Asian plover Eastern sand plover Восточный зуек |
Дорнын хиазат ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ dorniŋ khiazat 'eastern plover' |
Дорнодын тонгор ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠣ ᠲᠣᠩᠭᠣᠷ dornodiŋ toŋgor 'eastern plover1' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Дорнодын хиазат ᠳᠣᠷᠣᠨᠠᠳᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠲᠣ dornodiŋ khiazat 'eastern plover' |
东方鸻 (東方鴴) 'eastern plover' Taiwan: (东方红胸鸻) 東方紅胸鴴 'eastern red-breasted plover' |
オオチドリ (大千鳥) ō chi-dori 'large thousand-bird' |
큰물떼새 keun-mul-tte-sae 'large tide-bird' |
Шығыс шүрілдек торғайы şığıs şürildek torğayı 'eastern noisy sparrow' |
|
| VANELLINAE | |||||||||
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
MONGOLIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
TURKIC |
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| Vanellus | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Vanellus vanellus |
Northern lapwing Lapwing Peewit Green Plover Чибис, Пигалица |
Умардын хавтгаалж ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ umardiŋ khavtgaalj 'northern lapwing' |
Хавтгаалж ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ khavtgaalj 'lapwing' (32) |
Mongolia formerly: Xавтгаалж ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ khavtgaalj 'lapwing' Inner M formerly: Отгот хавтгаалж ᠣᠲᠣᠭᠠᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ otogt khavtgaalj 'plumed lapwing' (31) or Бараан хавтгаалж ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ baraaŋ khavtgaalj 'blackish lapwing' (alt in 31) or Цацагт хавтгаалж ᠴᠠᠴᠣᠭᠲᠣ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ tsatsagt khavtgaalj 'crested lapwing' (alt in 31) |
凤头麦鸡 (鳳頭麥雞) 'phoenix-headed grain fowl' Taiwan: (小辫鸻) 小辮鴴 'small-pigtailed plover' |
タゲリ (田計里 ~ 田鳧) ta-geri 'field lapwing' |
댕기물떼새 daenggi-mul-tte-sae 'ribboned tide-bird' |
Қызғыш qızğış 'lapwing' (Қыз = 'girl') |
Kızkuşu 'maid-bird' |
| Vanellus cinereus Microsarcops cinereus |
Grey-headed lapwing Серый чибис |
Microsarcops cinereus: Саарал зуунхурга ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠵᠠᠭᠣᠨ ᠬᠣᠷᠠᠭᠠ saaral zuuŋhurag 'grey hundred-lamb' |
Бор хавтгаалж ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ bor khavtgaalj 'dun lapwing' (31, 32) |
Mongolia formerly: Саарал хавтгаалж ᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷᠠᠯ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ saaral khavtgaalj 'grey lapwing' |
灰头麦鸡 (灰頭麥雞) 'grey-headed grain fowl' Taiwan: (跳鸻) 跳鴴 'jumping plover' |
ケリ (計里 ~ 鳧) keri 'lapwing' |
민댕기물떼새 min-daenggi-mul-tte-sae 'min?-ribboned tide-bird' |
||
| Vanellus gregarius Chettusia gregaria |
Sociable Lapwing or Sociable Plover Кречетка, Степная пигалица |
Chettusia gregaria: Хээрийн хавтгалж ᠬᠡᠬᠡᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ kheeriŋ khavtgalj 'wild lapwing (variant form)' |
黄颊麦鸡 (黃頰麥雞) 'yellow-cheeked grain fowl' (2, 4) 长脚麦鸡 (長腳麥雞) 'long-legged grain fowl' (5) |
マミジロゲリ (眉白計里 ~ 眉白鳧) mami-jiro geri 'white-eyebrowed lapwing' |
Тарғақ تارعاق tarğaq 'tarğaq' |
Sürmeli Kızkuşu 'dirty maid-bird' |
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The word Хошуураг khoshuurag or Хушуураг khushuurag is not found in ordinary dictionaries; the orthographic form and pronunciation are thus tentative. The meaning is clearly related to the word Хошуур khoshuur or Хушуур khushuur 'bill'.
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
内蒙古动物志 (第三卷 鸟纲 非雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 3 Aves Non-Passerines) 主编：旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2013
Floating Menu by Milonic |
Tool tips by Walter Zorn |
