Paridae
山雀科
shān-què kē

The word 山雀 shān-què is found in the Imperial Pentaglot Manchu Mirror (御製五體清文鑑 yùzhì wǔtǐ qīngwén jiàn) of the late eighteenth century as a translation of Manchu alin-i cecike. Auf kaiserlichen Befehl erstelltes Wörterbuch des Manjurischen in fünf Sprachen „Fünfsprachenspiegel“ (Harrassowitz 2013) glosses this entry as Bergsperling, the usual German term for Passer montanus. The Mongolian translation is given as Хадны болжмор khadnii boljmor literally 'rock lark' or 'mountain sparrow', depending on the interpretation. In modern Inner Mongolian ornithological usage this refers to Passer rutilans or Petronia petronia, although this is clearly just a calque on Chinese 山麻雀 shān má-què 'mountain sparrow' or 石雀 shí-què 'rock sparrow'.

The term 山雀 shān-què 'mountain finch' (or 'mountain sparrow') is the ornithological name for the tits (Paridae). The name has possibly been influenced by Japanese ヤマガラ yama-gara, written 山雀, which is the name of the Varied Tit (Sittiparus varius). Within the Paridae, Mainland usage now reserves 山雀 for species that at the time belonged to the genus Parus. Other genera use the abbreviated form 雀 què.

Chinese ornithologists reserved the term 山雀 shān-què 'mountain finch' (or 'mountain sparrow') for the genus Parus. Other genera are simply called 雀 què 'sparrow/finch. With Parus now split into several genera, the motivation for this distinction has been lost.

中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000

中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005

中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000

世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002

世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002

中国鸟类分布名录 第二版 郑作新 科学出版社 北京 1976年
(Checklist of the Classification of Birds of China 2nd edition by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 1976)

香港及華南鳥類（第六版）（翻譯成中文及重新修訂） 尹璉、費嘉倫、林超英 香港性徵特區政府新聞處政府印務局 1994年
Birds of Hong Kong and South China (6th edition, translated into Chinese and newly revised) by Clive Viney, Karen Phillipps, Lin Chaoying, Hong Kong Govt. Press 1994

Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999

Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000

Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009

Chinese Birds (A Tentative List of Chinese Birds) 中國鳥類（中國鳥類目錄試編） N. Gist Gee, Lacy I. Moffett, G. D. Wilder (祁天錫, 慕維德, 萬卓志), Peiping, 1927 (reprinted 1948)