Estrildidae
วงศ์นกกระติ๊ด
woŋ nók krà-tít

General

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The Estrildidae species are well known in Thailand as popular aviculture subjects. Their distribution has been modified by accidental and deliberate releases, and additional species are today common in urban and agricultural areas. As a result of long familiarity some species have more than one vernacular name.

Although some estrildids have old individual names, there were originally no separate general names for the estrildids as a whole. Instead they were considered to be kinds of นกกระจาบ nók krà-càap 'weaverbird' (Ploceidae) or นกกระจอก nók krà-còaak 'sparrow' (Passeridae). This older classification is also reflected in the earliest ornithological species names (see Other column below).

The modern ornithological general name for estrildids has two variants, นกกระติ๊ด nók krà-tít and นกกะติ๊ด nók kà-tít. The name is usually equated to English 'munia' and with one exception is used in all estrildid species names. The exception is the introduced Java Sparrow, which, as in English, is based on the general name for 'sparrow'.

Both variants of the munia name have been ornithologically extended to the grosbeaks (Fringillidae), which are called นกกระติ๊ดใหญ่ nók krà-tít yày or นกกะติ๊ดใหญ่ nók kà-tít yày, 'large munia'.

The bird name นกก(ร)ะติ๊ด nók k(r)à-tít is ultimately based on an uncommon diminutive adjective (กระ)ติ๊ด (krà-)tít 'small, tiny, etc.' and the meaning is reinforced here by onomatopoeia. The first reported ornithological use of นกกระติ๊ด nók krà-tít was as a name for a pipit (Motacillidae). Although that single reference was repeated in a few older dictionaries, the meaning 'pipit' is no longer current. Today 'munia' and 'estrildid' are the only meanings found in modern popular and ornithological sources.

Some modern ornithological sources have used นกติ๊ด nók tít as a general name 'tit' in the Paridae, Remizidae, and Aegithalidae. Apparently this name was given under the influence of the English word 'tit', but its base has the same shape as the munia name. Recently, other sources have modified the tit general name to นก ติด nók tìt in order to differentiate the two. It is unclear whether or not the original resemblance was intentional.

Species names

ESTRILDINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		THAI		OTHER S. E. ASIAN			EAST ASIAN
Amandava
Latin	English	Thai	Other Th	Malaysian	Indonesian	Vietnamese	Chinese	Japanese
Amandava amandava Estrilda amandava	Red avadavat Red munia	นกกระติ๊ดแดง nók krà-tít daeeŋ 'red munia (bird)'	นกกะติ๊ดแดง nók kà-tít daeeŋ 'red munia (bird)' (18, 19) นกสีชมพูดง nók sĭi-cʰom-pʰuu doŋ 'jungle (=wild) pink bird' (18, 19, 21) นกกระจอกฟ้า nók krà-còaak fáa 'sky sparrow (bird)' (conflicts with Ploceus philippinus, Ploceidae)		Burung Pipit Benggala 'Bengal sparrow (bird)' (pipit, see sparrows)	Chim Mai hoa 'plum-flower bird' (12, 13)	红梅花雀 (紅梅花雀) hóng méi-huā-què 'red plum-flower finch' or 梅花雀 (梅花雀) méi-huā-què 'plum-flower finch' (alt in 1, 3, 5)	ベニスズメ (紅雀) beni suzume 'crimson sparrow' (introduced)
LONCHURINAE
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN		THAI		OTHER S. E. ASIAN			EAST ASIAN
Lonchura
Latin	English	Thai	Other Th	Malaysian	Indonesian	Vietnamese	Chinese	Japanese
Lonchura striata	White-rumped munia White-backed munia White-rumped mannikin Sharp-tailed munia	นกกระติ๊ดตะโพกขาว nók krà-tít tà-pʰôok-kʰăaw 'white-rumped munia (bird)'	นกกะติ๊ดตะโพกขาว nók kà-tít tà-pʰôok-kʰăaw 'white-rumped munia (bird)' (18, 19) นกกะทิ nók kà-tʰí 'coconut-milk bird' (18, 19) นกกระทิ nók krà-tʰí 'coconut-milk bird' นกกระติ๊ดโคนหางขาว nók krà-tít kʰoon-hăaŋ-kʰăaw 'white-tail-coverted munia (bird)' นกกระจาบขี้หมู nók krà-càap kʰîi-mŭu 'petty weaverbird (bird)' (conflicts with Lonchura punctulata)	Burung Pipit Tuli 'deaf sparrow (bird)' (onomat.) (pipit, see sparrows) (24, 26, 27)	Burung Bondol Tunggir-putih 'white-rumped munia (bird)' (tunggir 'tailbone' from Jakartan; bondol from Javanese / Jakartan)	Chim Di cam 'orange munia (bird)' (12, 13, 34)	白腰文鸟 (白腰文鳥) bái-yāo wén-niǎo 'white-rumped culture-bird' Taiwan: (白腰文鸟) 白腰文鳥 bái-yāo wén-niǎo 'white-rumped culture-bird'	コシジロキンパラ (腰白金腹) koshi-jiro kinpara 'white-rumped gold belly'
Lonchura punctulata	Scaly-breasted munia Nutmeg mannikin Spotted mannikin Spotted munia	นกกระติ๊ดขี้หมู nók krà-tít kʰîi-mŭu 'petty munia (bird)'	นกกะติ๊ดขี้หมู nók kà-tít kʰîi-mŭu 'petty munia (bird)' (18, 19) นกกระติ๊ดลาย nók krà-tít laay 'striped munia (bird)' นกกระจาบขี้หมู nók krà-càap kʰîi-mŭu 'petty weaverbird (bird)' (conflicts with Lonchura striata) นกกะจาบขี้หมู nók kà-càap kʰîi-mŭu 'petty weaverbird (bird)'	Burung Pipit Pinang 'areca-palm sparrow (bird)' (onomat.) (pipit, see sparrows) (24, 26, 27)	Burung Bondol Peking 'pe-king munia (bird)' (pe-king means 'which goes ki', based on the bird's vocalisation ki-ii; bondol from Javanese / Jakartanese)	Chim Di đá 'stone munia (bird)' (12, 13, 34)	斑文鸟 (斑文鳥) bān wén-niǎo 'striped culture-bird' Taiwan: (斑文鸟) 斑文鳥 bān wén-niǎo 'striped culture-bird'	シマキンパラ (縞金腹) shima kinpara 'striped gold belly' (introduced)
Lonchura leucogastra	White-bellied Munia White-breasted Munia White-breasted Mannikin	นกกระติ๊ดท้องขาว nók krà-tít tʰóaaŋ-kʰăaw 'white-bellied munia (bird)'	นกกะติ๊ดท้องขาว nók kà-tít tʰóaaŋ-kʰăaw 'white-bellied munia (bird)' (18, 19) นกกระติ๊ดอกขาว nók krà-tít òk-kʰăaw 'white-breasted munia (bird)'			Chim Di bụng trắng 'white-bellied munia (bird)' (34)	白胸文鸟 (白胸文鳥) bái-xiōng wén-niǎo 'white-breasted culture-bird'	シロハラキンパラ (白腹金腹) shiro-hara kinpara 'white-bellied gold belly'
Lonchura malacca	Black-headed munia Indian black-headed munia Chestnut munia Chestnut mannikin	Lonchura atricapilla: นกกระติ๊ดสีอิฐ nók krà-tít sĭi-ìt 'brickred munia (bird)'	นกกะติ๊ดสีอิฐ nók kà-tít sĭi-ìt 'brickred munia (bird)' (18, 19) นกปากตะกั่ว nók pàak-tà-kùa 'plumbeous-billed bird' (18, 19, 21) นกกระติ๊ดหัวดำ nók krà-tít hŭa-dam 'black-headed munia (bird)' นกกระจาบอิฐแดง nók krà-càap ìt-daeeŋ 'red-brick sparrow (bird)' นกเต็งครู nók teŋ kʰruu 'teacher('s) favourite bird' (conflicts with Ploceus hypoxanthus, Ploceidae)	Burung Pipit Rawa 'swamp sparrow (bird)' (onomat.) (pipit, see sparrows) (24, 26, 27)	Burung Bondol Rawa 'swamp munia (bird)' (bondol from Javanese / Jakartanese)	Lonchura atricapilla (34): Chim Di đầu đen 'black-headed munia (bird)' (12, 13, 34)	黑头文鸟 (黑頭文鳥) hēi-tóu wén-niǎo 'black-headed culture-bird' (2, 4) 栗腹文鸟 (栗腹文鳥) lì-fù wén-niǎo 'chestnut bellied culture-bird' (1, 3, 5) Taiwan: (黑头文鸟) 黑頭文鳥 hēi-tóu wén-niǎo 'black-headed culture-bird'	ギンパラ (銀腹) ginpara 'silver belly' (introduced)
Lonchura maja	White-headed munia Pale-headed mannikin	นกกระติ๊ดหัวขาว nók krà-tít hŭa-kʰăaw 'white-headed munia (bird)'	นกกะติ๊ดหัวขาว nók kà-tít hŭa-kʰăaw 'white-headed munia (bird)' (18, 19)	Burung Pipit Uban 'grey-haired sparrow (bird)' (onomat.) (pipit, see sparrows) (24, 26, 27)	Burung Bondol Haji 'pilgrim munia (bird)' (haji from Arabic, bondol from Javanese / Jakartanese)	Chim Di đầu trắng 'white-headed munia (bird)' (13, 34)	白头文鸟 (白頭文鳥) bái-tóu wén-niǎo 'white-headed culture-bird' 淡头文鸟 (淡頭文鳥) dàn-tóu wén-niǎo 'pale-headed culture-bird' (5) (introduced)	ヘキチョウ (碧鳥) heki-chō 'blue bird' (introduced)
Latin	English	Thai	Other Th	Malaysian	Indonesian	Vietnamese	Chinese	Japanese
Lonchura oryzivora Padda oryzivora	Java sparrow	นกกระจอกชวา nók krà-còaak cʰa-waa 'Javanese sparrow (bird)' (introduced)	นกหมอดู nók mŏaa-duu 'fortuneteller bird' (18, 19, 21)	Burung Ciak Jawa 'Javanese sparrow (bird)' (24, 26, 27) (introduced)	Burung Gelatik Jawa 'Javanese chatterer (bird)' (see tit)		禾雀 (禾雀) hé què 'grain sparrow' (1, 2, 3, 4) 爪哇禾雀 (爪哇禾雀) zhǎowā hé què 'Javanese grain sparrow' (5) (introduced)	ブンチョウ (文鳥) bun-chō 'culture bird' (introduced)
Erythrura
Latin	English	Thai	Other Th	Malaysian	Indonesian	Vietnamese	Chinese	Japanese
Erythrura prasina	Pin-tailed parrot finch	นกกระติ๊ดเขียว nók krà-tít kʰĭaw 'green munia (bird)' นกไผ่ nók pʰày 'bamboo bird'	นกกะติ๊ดเขียว nók kà-tít kʰĭaw 'green munia (bird)' (18, 19)	Burung Ciak Hijau Ekor Runcing 'sharp-tailed green sparrow (bird)' (onomat.) (ciak, see sparrows) (26, 27) Burung Ciak Ekor Jarum 'needle-tailed sparrow (bird)' (onomat.) (ciak, see sparrows) (24)	Burung Bondol-hijau Binglis 'binglis green-munia (bird)' (bondol from Javanese / Jakartanese)	Chim Di xanh 'blue/green munia (bird)' (12, 34)	长尾鹦雀 (長尾鸚雀) cháng-wěi yīng-què 'long-tailed parrot-finch'	セイコウチョウ (青紅鳥) seikō-chō 'blue-red bird'

ฟ้า fáa usually 'sky, heavens, celestial, etc.' here has a special ornithological usage of 'fancy, elegant, brightly coloured, etc.'

กะทิ kà-tʰí or กระทิ krà-tʰí 'coconut milk' is an old descriptive name. It apparently refers to white plumage, especially that of the recessive white phase which is rare in nature but through selective breeding is common (and very popular) in aviculture. However, the name is used today for any individual regardless of colour.

หมอดู mŏaa-duu, literally 'to see + doctor' is an idiom usually translated 'fortuneteller'. The origin of the name suggests the use of the bird by diviners or seers to indicate the answers to specific questions.

中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000

中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005

中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000

世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002

世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002

Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999

Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000

Bird Guide of Thailand by Lekagul, Boonsong, Ramin Press, Bangkok 1968

Bird Guide of Thailand 2nd edition by Lekagul, Boonsong and Edward W. Cronin, Jr., Kurusapa Ladprao Press, Bangkok 1974

A guide to the Birds of Thailand by Lekagul, Boonsong and Philip D. Round, Saha Karn Bhaet Co., Ltd., Bangkok 1991

นกเมืองไทย (Birds [of] Thailand) by จารุจินต์ นภีตะภัฏ, กานต์ เลขะกุล, วัชระ สงวนสมบติ (Jarujin Nabhitabata, Karn Lekagul, Wachara Sanguansombat), คณะบุคคล นายแพทย์ บุญส่ง เลขะกุล (Dr Boonsong Lekagul Group), Bangkok 2007

นกในเมืองไทย (Birds in Thailand) by รศ. โอภาส ขอบเขตต์ (Assoc. Prof. Obhas Khobkhet), Sarakadee Press, Bangkok 1998

Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Perhilitan (Jabatam Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Semenanjung Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 1981
(List of the Names of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1981)

A Field Guide to the Birds of West Malaysia and Singapore by Jeyarajasingam, Allen and Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999

The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 - Passerines by Wells, David R., Christopher Helm, A&C Black, London 2007

Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009