General
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In Thai popular and ornithological naming there is no distinction made between the Accipitridae, Pandionidae, and Falconidae. The collective general name for all of the various kinds of hawks, eagles, kites, falcons, and other actively predatory diurnal raptors is เหยี่ยว yìaw 'hawk'. It is an old regional name related to Chinese 鷂 (Mandarin , Cantonese jiu6 'sparrowhawk'), Vietnamese diều 'hawk', and names in other Tai languages (Zhuang yiuh yiu 'sparrowhawk', Lao ຍ່ຽວ- nyīau- '[sparrow]-hawk', etc.).
Many of these birds have been used in falconry, and as with names for other tamed kinds of birds, names with เหยี่ยว yìaw do not require addition of นก nók 'bird'. Another name for this group is นขทารณ์ ná-kʰá-tʰaan 'hawk', an Indic name not used ornithologically.
The mythological bird which served as the mount for the Indic god Indra has come to be identified in Southeast Asia with 'eagle'. The Thai general name for eagle is นกอินทรี nók in-sii 'Indra's bird', which also occurs in Khmer, ឥន្ទ្រី ʔəntrii 'eagle; Indrī (name of a mythological eagle)'.
Thai นกออก nók òaak 'sea-eagle, Haliaeetus leucogaster' is part of a regional onomatopoetic tradition which also includes Khmer អក ʔɑɑk 'a kind of vulture or eagle; Haliaetus leucogaster; a black sea eagle'; and Vietnamese chim ó 'osprey; vulture, eagle'.
Thai อีแร้ง ii-ráeeŋ or แร้ง ráeeŋ 'vulture' is also an old regional name and is related to Malay hereng 'vulture'. Vulture names typically also do not require addition of นก nók 'bird', but นกแร้ง nók ráeeŋ is occasionally seen.
The older Thai accipitrid general names often include an incorporated wildlife prefix อี- ii-. These include อีแร้ง ii-ráeeŋ 'vulture', อีรุ้ง ii-rúŋ 'serpent-eagle', and also (in the earliest sources only) อีเหยี่ยว ii-yìaw 'hawk'.
Ornithological naming
Ornithological general names for Accipitridae subgroups include:
Thai name | Gloss | Genus |
เหยี่ยวกิ้งก่า yìaw kîŋ-kàa |
'treelizard-hawk' | Aviceda |
เหยี่ยวผึ้ง yìaw-pʰêuŋ |
'bee-hawk' | Pernis |
เหยี่ยวค้างคาว yìaw kʰáaŋ-kʰaaw |
'bat-hawk' | Macheiramphus |
เหยี่ยวปลา yìaw-plaa |
'fish-hawk' | Ichthyophaga (but not Pandion or Haliaeetus) |
เหยี่ยวทุ่ง yìaw-tʰûŋ |
'field-hawk' | Circus (part) |
เหยี่ยวนกเขา yìaw nók kʰăw |
'dove-hawk' | Accipiter (part) |
เหยี่ยวนกกระจอก yìaw nók krà-còaak |
'sparrow-hawk' | Accipiter (part) |
Species names
ELANINAE | ||||||||
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SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
THAI |
OTHER S. E. ASIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
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Elanus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Elanus caeruleus |
Black-winged kite Black-shouldered kite |
เหยี่ยวขาว yìaw kʰăaw 'white hawk' |
Burung Helang Tikus 'mouse hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Tikus 'mouse hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Bahu Hitam 'black-shouldered hawk (bird)' (24) |
Burung Elang Tikus 'mouse hawk (bird)' |
Chim Diều trắng 'white hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
黑翅鸢 (黑翅鳶) 'black-winged kite' Taiwan: (黑翅鸢) 黑翅鳶 'black-winged kite' |
カタグロトビ (肩黒鳶) kata-guro tobi 'black-shouldered kite' |
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GYPAETINAE | ||||||||
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
THAI |
OTHER S. E. ASIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
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PERNINI | ||||||||
Pernis | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Pernis ptilorhynchus |
East Asian honey buzzard East Asian honey-buzzard Crested honey buzzard Eurasian Honey Buzzard |
เหยี่ยวผึ้ง yìaw pʰêuŋ 'bee-hawk' Pernis orientalis: เหยี่ยวผึ้งพันธุ์ตะวันออก yìaw pʰêuŋ pʰan ta-wan-òaak 'eastern species bee-hawk' Pernis torquatus: เหยี่ยวผึ้งหงอนยาว yìaw pʰêuŋ ŋŏaan-yaaw 'long-crested bee-hawk' |
Burung Helang Lebah 'bee hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Lebah 'bee hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Sikep-madu Asia 'Asian honey-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Diều ăn ong 'bee-eating hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
凤头蜂鹰 (鳳頭蜂鷹) 'phoenix-headed bee-hawk' Taiwan: (东方蜂鹰) 東方蜂鷹 'eastern bee-hawk' |
ハチクマ (蜂角鷹 ~ 蜂熊) hachi-kuma 'bee bear' |
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Aviceda | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Aviceda jerdoni |
Jerdon's baza Blyth's baza Brown-crested lizard hawk |
เหยี่ยวกิ้งก่าสีน้ำตาล yìaw kîŋ-kàa sĭi-nám-taan 'brown treelizard hawk' |
Burung Helang Jerdon 'Jerdon hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Baza 'baza hawk (bird)' (baza from English) (24, 25) |
Burung Baza Jerdon 'Jerdon baza (bird)' (baza from English) |
Chim Diều hoa Jerdon 'Jerdon's flowery hawk1 (bird)' (12) |
褐冠鹃隼 (褐冠鵑隼) 'brown-crested cuckoo-falcon' |
チャイロカッコウハヤブサ (茶色郭公隼) cha-iro kakkō-hayabusa 'brown cuckoo-falcon' |
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Aviceda leuphotes |
Black baza Black-crested baza Black-crested lizard hawk |
เหยี่ยวกิ้งก่าสีดำ yìaw kîŋ-kàa sĭi-dam 'black treelizard hawk' |
Burung Helang Baza baza hawk (bird)' (baza from English) (26) Burung Lang Baza Berjambul 'crested baza hawk (bird)' (baza from English) (24) Burung Lang Baza Hitam 'black baza hawk (bird)' (baza from English) (25) |
Burung Baza Hitam 'black baza (bird)' (baza from English) |
Chim Diều mào 'crested hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
黑冠鹃隼 (黑冠鵑隼) 'black-crested cuckoo-falcon' Taiwan: (黑冠鹃隼) 黑冠鵑隼 'black-crested cuckoo-falcon' |
クロカッコウハヤブサ (黒郭公隼) kuro kakkō-hayabusa 'black cuckoo-falcon' |
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ACCIPITRINAE | ||||||||
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
THAI |
OTHER S. E. ASIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
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CIRCAETINI | ||||||||
Spilornis | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Spilornis cheela |
Crested serpent eagle Crested serpent-eagle |
เหยี่ยวรุ้ง yìaw-rúŋ serpent-eagle hawk' |
อีรุ้ง ii-rúŋ 'serpent-eagle' รุ้ง rúŋ 'serpent-eagle' |
Burung Helang Kuik 'kuik hawk (bird)' (onomat.) (26) Burung Lang Kuik 'kuik hawk (bird)' (onomat.) (25) |
Burung Elangular Bido 'serpenthawk snake hawk' (cf Accipiter badius) |
Chim Diều hoa Miến Điện 'Burmese flowery hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13) |
蛇鵰 (蛇鵰) 'snake-eagle' Taiwan: (大冠鹫) 大冠鷲 'large crested vulture' |
カンムリワシ (冠鷲) kanmuri washi 'crested eagle' |
Circaetus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Circaetus gallicus Circaetus ferox |
Short-toed eagle Short-toed snake eagle |
เหยี่ยวนิ้วสั้น yìaw níw-sân 'short-toed hawk' |
Burung Helang Ular 'snake hawk (bird)' (24, 26) Burung Lang Ular 'snake hawk (bird)' (25) |
Burung Elang-ular Jari-pendek 'short-toed snake-hawk' (bird) |
Chim Diều ngón ngắn 'short-toed hawk1 (bird)' (12, 34) |
短趾鵰 (短趾鵰) 'short-toed eagle' |
チュウヒワシ (沢鵟鷲) chūhi washi 'harrier eagle' | |
GYPINI | ||||||||
Sarcogyps | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Sarcogyps calvus Aegypius calvus |
Red-headed vulture Black vulture |
พญาแร้ง pʰa-yaa ráeeŋ 'vulture king' |
Burung Hereng Kepala Merah 'red-headed vulture (bird)' (24, 25, 26) |
Chim Ó tai 'eared eagle1 (bird)' (12) |
黑兀鹫 (黑兀鷲) 'black bald-vulture' |
ミミハゲワシ (耳禿鷲) mimi hage-washi 'eared bald-eagle' |
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Gyps | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Gyps himalayensis |
Himalayan Vulture Himalayan Griffon |
อีแร้งสีน้ำตาลหิมาลัย ii-ráeeŋ sĭi-nám-taan hì-maa-lay 'Himalayan brown vulture' (conflicts with Gyps tenuirostris) |
อีแร้งเทาหิมาลัย ii-ráeeŋ tʰaw hì-maa-lay 'Himalayan grey vulture' (21) |
Burung Hereng Himalaya 'Himalayan vulture (bird)' (24, 25, 26) |
高山兀鹫 (高山兀鷲) 'high-mountain bald-vulture' |
ヒマラヤシロエリハゲワシ (ヒマラヤ白襟禿鷲) himaraya shiro-eri hage-washi 'Himalayan white-collared bald-eagle' |
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Gyps bengalensis Pseudogyps bengalensis |
White-rumped vulture Indian white-backed vulture East Asian white-backed vulture White-backed vulture |
อีแร้งเทาหลังขาว ii-ráeeŋ tʰaw lăŋ-kʰăaw 'white-backed grey vulture' |
แร้งเทาหลังขาว ráeeŋ tʰaw lăŋ-kʰăaw 'white-backed grey vulture' (alt in 21) |
Burung Hereng Belakang Putih 'white-backed vulture (bird)' (26) Burung Hereng Tongkeng Puteh 'white-rumped vulture (bird)' (24) Burung Hereng Tongkeng Puteh 'white-rumped vulture (bird)' (25) |
Chim Kền kền Măng Gan 'Bengal vulture (bird)' (12) |
白背兀鹫 (白背兀鷲) 'white-backed bald-vulture' |
ベンガルハゲワシ (ベンガル禿鷲) bengaru hage-washi 'Bengal bald-eagle' |
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Gyps tenuirostris |
Slender-billed vulture Long-billed griffon |
อีแร้งสีน้ำตาล ii-ráeeŋ sĭi-nám-taan 'brown vulture' |
อีแร้งสีน้ำตาลหิมาลัย ii-ráeeŋ sĭi-nám-taan hì-maa-lay 'Himalayan brown vulture' (conflicts with Gyps himalayensis) (21) |
Burung Hereng Paruh Panjang 'long-billed vulture (bird)' (24, 25, 26) |
Gyps indicus: Chim Kền kền Ấn Độ 'Indian vulture (bird)' (12, 34) |
细嘴兀鹫 (細嘴兀鷲) 'slender-billed bald-vulture' (Wikipedia) |
ハシボソハゲワシ (嘴細禿鷲) hashi-boso hage-washi 'slender-billed bald-eagle' |
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Aegypius | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Aegypius monachus |
Cinereous vulture Monk vulture Black vulture |
อีแร้งดำหิมาลัย ii-ráeeŋ dam hì-maa-lay 'Himalayan black vulture' |
แร้งดำ ráeeŋ dam 'black vulture' (alt in 21) |
Burung Hereng Hitam 'black vulture (bird)' (24, 25, 26) |
Chim Đại bàng đầu trọc 'bald-headed eagle2 (bird)' (12, 13) |
秃鹫 (禿鷲) 'bald-vulture' Taiwan: (秃鹫) 禿鷲 'bald-vulture' |
クロハゲワシ (黒禿鷲) kuro hage-washi 'black bald-eagle' | |
ACCIPITRINI | ||||||||
Macheiramphus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Macheiramphus alcinus | Bat Hawk | เหยี่ยวค้างคาว yìaw kʰáaŋ-kʰaaw 'bat hawk' |
Burung Helang Malam 'night hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Malam 'night hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang Kelelawar 'bat hawk (bird)' |
食蝠鸢 (食蝠鳶) 'eat-bat kite' (4) 蝠鸢 (蝠鳶) 'bat kite' (5, 10) |
コウモリダカ (蝙蝠鷹) kōmori-daka 'bat-hawk' |
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Nisaetus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Nisaetus nipalensis Spizaetus nipalensis |
Mountain Hawk Eagle Mountain Hawk-eagle Hodgson's hawk eagle |
เหยี่ยวภูเขา yìaw pʰuu-kʰăw 'mountain hawk' |
Spizaetus nipalensis: Burung Lang Gunung 'mountain hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Hindik Lang Gunung 'mountain hawkeagle hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Spizaetus nipalensis: Chim Diều núi 'mountain hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Spizaetus nipalensis: 鹰鵰 (鹰鵰) 'hawk eagle' Taiwan: Spizaetus nipalensis: (熊鹰) 熊鷹 'bear hawk' |
Spizaetus nipalensis: クマタカ (熊鷹) kuma-taka 'bear hawk' |
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Nisaetus nanus Spizaetus nanus |
Wallace's Hawk Eagle Wallace's hawk-eagle |
เหยี่ยวหงอนสีน้ำตาลท้องขาว yìaw ŋŏaan-sĭi-nám-taan tʰóaaŋ-kʰăaw 'white-bellied brown-crested hawk' |
Spizaetus nanus: Burung Helang Hindek Rimba 'jungle hawkeagle hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Hantu Kasturi 'musky ghost hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Selat 'Straits hawk (bird)' (24) |
Spizaetus nanus: Burung Elang Wallace 'Wallace's hawk (bird)' |
Spizaetus nanus: 华氏鹰鵰 (華氏鹰鵰) 'Mr Hua's hawk eagle' (4) 小鹰鵰 (小鹰鵰) 'small hawk eagle' (5) |
ウォーレスクマタカ (ウォーレス熊鷹) wōresu kuma-taka 'Wallace's bear hawk' |
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Nisaetus alboniger Spizaetus alboniger |
Blyth's Hawk Eagle Blyth's Hawk-eagle |
เหยี่ยวดำท้องขาว yìaw dam tʰóaaŋ-kʰăaw 'white-bellied black hawk' |
Spizaetus alboniger: Burung Helang Hindek Gunung 'mountain hawkeagle hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Hantu 'ghost hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Spizaetus alboniger: Burung Elang Gunung 'mountain hawk (bird)' |
Spizaetus alboniger: 马来鹰鵰 (馬來鹰鵰) 'Malay hawk eagle' (4) 布莱氏鹰鵰 (布萊氏鹰鵰) 'Mr Bulai's hawk eagle' (5) |
カオグロクマタカ (顔黒熊鷹) kao-guro kuma-taka 'black-faced bear hawk' |
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Nisaetus cirrhatus Spizaetus cirrhatus Nisaetus limnaeetus |
Changeable Hawk Eagle Changeable Hawk-eagle Crested hawk eagle |
Nisaetus limnaeetus: เหยี่ยวต่างสี yìaw tàaŋ-sĭi 'variable-coloured hawk' |
Spizaetus cirrhatus: Burung Helang Hindik 'hawkeagle hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Hindek 'hawkeagle hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Hindek 'hawkeagle hawk (bird)' (24) |
Spizaetus cirrhatus: Burung Elang Brontok 'eagle hawk (bird)' |
Spizaetus cirrhatus: Chim Diều đầu nâu 'brown-headed hawk1 (bird)' (12) |
Spizaetus cirrhatus: 凤头鹰鵰 (鳳頭鷹鵰) 'phoenix-headed hawk eagle' |
Spizaetus cirrhatus: カワリクマタカ (変り熊鷹) kawari kuma-taka 'changing bear hawk' |
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Lophotriorchis | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Lophotriorchis kienerii Hieraaetus kienerii Aquila kienerii |
Rufous-bellied Eagle Rufous-bellied hawk eagle Chestnut-bellied hawk eagle |
เหยี่ยวท้องแดง yìaw tʰóaaŋ-daeeŋ 'red-bellied hawk' |
Hieraaetus kienerii: Burung Helang Perut Merah 'red-bellied hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Bendang 'paddyfield hawk (bird)' (24) Burung Lang Rimba 'jungle hawk (bird)' (25) |
Hieraaetus kienerii (12, 13), Aquila kienerii (34): Chim Đại bàng bụng hung 'reddish-bellied eagle2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Hieraaetus kienerii: 棕腹隼鵰 (棕腹隼鵰) 'reddishbrown-bellied falcon-eagle' |
Hieraaetus kienerii: アカハラクマタカ (赤腹熊鷹) akahara kuma-taka 'red-bellied bear hawk' |
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Ictinaetus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Ictinaetus malaiensis Ictinaetus malayensis |
black eagle Indian Black eagle |
Ictinaetus malayensis: นกอินทรีดำ nók in-sii dam 'black Indra's bird' |
Ictinaetus malayensis: Burung Helang Hitam 'black hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Hitam 'black hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Ictinaetus malayensis: Burung Elang Hitam 'black hawk (black)' |
Ictinaetus malayensis: Chim Đại bàng Mã Lai 'Malay eagle2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Ictinaetus malayensis: 林鵰 (林鵰) 'forest eagle' Taiwan: (林鵰) 林鵰 'forest eagle' |
Ictinaetus malayensis: カザノワシ (characters unclear) kaza-no-washi 'kazano eagle' (meaning unclear) |
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Clanga | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Clanga clanga Aquila clanga |
Greater spotted eagle Spotted eagle |
Aquila clanga: นกอินทรีปีกลาย nók in-sii pìik-laay 'stripe-winged Indra's bird' |
Aquila clanga: Burung Helang Bintik 'speckled hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Bintik 'speckled hawk (bird)' (24) Burung Lang Berbintik 'speckled hawk (bird)' (25) |
Aquila clanga: Burung Rajawali Totol 'spotted hawk (bird)' |
Aquila clanga: Chim Đại bàng đen 'black eagle2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Aquila clanga: 乌鵰 (烏鵰) 'dark eagle' Taiwan: Aquila clanga: (花鵰) 花鵰 'flowery eagle' |
Aquila clanga: カラフトワシ (樺太鷲) karafuto washi 'Sakhalin eagle' |
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Aquila | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Aquila rapax | Tawny Eagle | นกอินทรีสีน้ำตาล nók in-sii sĭi-nám-taan 'brown Indra's bird' |
นกอินทรีสีน้ำตาลเล็ก nók in-sii sĭi-nám-taan lék 'small brown Indra's bird' (21) |
Chim Đại bàng nâu 'brown eagle2 (bird)' (12) Taxonomy |
茶色鵰 (茶色鵰) 'brown eagle' |
アフリカソウゲンワシ (アフリカ草原鷲) afurika sōgen washi 'African steppe eagle' (Wikipedia) |
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Aquila nipalensis |
Steppe eagle | นกอินทรีทุ่งหญ้าสเต็ป nók in-sii tʰûŋ-yâa sà-tèp 'steppe-grassland Indra's bird' |
นกอินทรีสีน้ำตาลใหญ่ nók in-sii sĭi-nám-taan yày 'large brown Indra's bird' (21) นกอินทรีทุ่งหญ้าสเตปป์ nók in-sii tʰûŋ-yâa sà-tèep 'steppe-grassland Indra's bird' (21) |
Burung Helang Padang 'field hawk (bird)' (24, 26) Burung Helang Gurun 'desert hawk (bird)' (25) |
Chim Đại bàng hung 'reddish eagle2 (bird)' (13) Taxonomy |
草原鵰 (草原鵰) 'steppe eagle' Taxonomy |
ソウゲンワシ (草原鷲) sōgen washi 'steppe eagle' |
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Aquila heliaca |
Eastern imperial eagle Imperial eagle |
นกอินทรีหัวไหล่ขาว nók in-sii hŭa-lày-kʰăaw 'white-shouldered Indra's bird' |
Burung Helang Tengkuk Kuning 'yellow-naped hawk (bird)' (24, 26) Burung Lang Padang 'field hawk (bird)' (25) |
Chim Đại bàng đầu nâu 'brown-headed eagle2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
白肩鵰 (白肩鵰) 'white-shouldered eagle' Taiwan: (白肩鵰) 白肩鵰 'white-shouldered eagle' |
カタシロワシ or カタジロワシ (肩白鷲) kata-shiro washi or kata-jiro washi 'white-shouldered eagle' |
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Aquila fasciata Hieraaetus fasciatus |
Bonelli's eagle Bonelli's hawk eagle |
นกอินทรีแถบปีกดำ nók in-sii tʰàeep-pìik-dam 'black-wing-banded Indra's bird' |
Hieraaetus fasciatus: Burung Elang Bonelli 'Bonelli's hawk (bird)' |
Hieraaetus fasciatus (12, 13): Chim Đại bàng má trắng 'white-cheeked eagle2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
Hieraaetus fasciatus: 白腹隼鵰 (白腹隼鵰) 'white-bellied falcon-eagle' |
Hieraaetus fasciatus: ボネリークマタカ (ボネリー熊鷹) bonerii kuma-taka 'Bonelli's bear hawk' |
||
Hieraaetus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Hieraaetus pennatus Aquila pennata |
Booted eagle Booted hawk eagle |
Aquila pennata: นกอินทรีเล็ก nók in-sii lék 'small Indra's bird' |
Burung Helang Junam 'swooping hawk (bird)' (24, 26) Burung Lang Tegap 'sturdy hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang Setiwel 'leggings hawk (bird)' (setiwel / satiwel 'puttees, leggings' from Dutch) |
靴隼鵰 (靴隼鵰) 'booted falcon eagle' |
ヒメクマタカ (姫熊鷹) hime kuma-taka 'princess bear hawk' |
||
Circus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Circus aeruginosus |
Western marsh harrier Western marsh-harrier Eurasian marsh-harrier Asian marsh harrier |
เหยี่ยวทุ่งพันธุ์ยูเรเซีย yìaw-tʰûŋ pʰan yuu-ree-sia 'Eurasian species field-hawk' |
白头鹞 (白頭鷂) 'white-headed sparrowhawk' |
ヨーロッパチュウヒ (ヨーロッパ沢鵟) yōroppa chūhi 'European harrier' (chūhi written 'marsh buzzard') |
||||
Circus spilonotus |
Eastern marsh harrier Eastern marsh-harrier |
เหยี่ยวทุ่งพันธุ์เอเซียตะวันออก yìaw-tʰûŋ pʰan ee-sia ta-wan-òaak 'East Asian species field-hawk' |
เหยี่ยวทุ่ง yìaw-tʰûŋ 'field-hawk' (21) Taxonomy |
Burung Helang Sawah Besar 'large wetfield-hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Sawah 'wetfield-hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Berjambul 'crested hawk (bird)' (24) |
Burung Elangrawa Timur 'eastern swamp hawk (bird)' |
Circus aeruginosus (13): Chim Diều đầu trắng 'white-headed hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13) |
白腹鹞 (白腹鷂) 'white-bellied sparrowhawk' Taiwan: (东方泽鹞) 東方澤鷂 'eastern marsh harrier' (鷂 yào traditionally refers to sparrow hawks) |
チュウヒ (沢鵟) chūhi 'harrier' (written 'marsh buzzard') |
Circus cyaneus |
Hen harrier or Northern harrier |
เหยี่ยวทุ่งแถบเหนือ yìaw-tʰûŋ tʰàeep-nĕua 'northern-area field-hawk' |
Burung Helang Sawah Kelabu 'grey wetfield-hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Paya 'marsh hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Sayap Hitam 'black-winged hawk (bird)' (24) |
Chim Diều miền bắc 'northern hawk1 (bird)' (34) |
白尾鹞 (白尾鷂) 'white-tailed harrier' (鷂 yào traditionally refers to sparrow hawks) Taiwan: (灰泽鵟) 灰澤鵟 'grey marsh-buzzard' |
ハイイロチュウヒ (灰色沢鵟) hai-iro chūhi 'grey harrier' |
||
Circus macrourus |
Pallid harrier | เหยี่ยวทุ่งสีจาง yìaw-tʰûŋ sĭi-caaŋ 'pallid field-hawk' |
Chim Diều bụng trắng 'white-bellied hawk1 (bird)' (12, 34) |
草原鹞 (草原鷂) 'steppe sparrowhawk' |
ウスハイイロチュウヒ (薄灰色沢鵟) usu hai-iro chūhi 'light grey harrier' |
|||
Circus melanoleucos |
Pied harrier | เหยี่ยวด่างดำขาว yìaw dàaŋ-dam-kʰăaw 'black (&) white dotted hawk' |
Burung Helang Sawah Hitam-Putih 'black (&) white wetfield-hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Tangling 'tangling hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang-rawa Tangling 'tangling swamp-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Diều mướp 'tattered hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
鹊鹞 (鵲鷂) 'magpie sparrowhawk' Taiwan: (花泽鵟) 花澤鵟 'flowery marsh-buzzard' |
マダラチュウヒ (斑沢鵟) madara chūhi 'pied harrier' |
|
Accipiter | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Accipiter trivirgatus |
Crested goshawk Asian crested goshawk |
เหยี่ยวนกเขาหงอน yìaw nók kʰăw ŋŏaan 'crested dove-hawk' |
Burung Helang Sewah Besar 'large cuckoo-hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Sikap 'hawk hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang-alap Jambul 'crested falcon-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Ưng Ấn Độ 'Indian hawk2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
凤头鹰 (鳳頭鷹) 'phoenix-headed hawk' Taiwan: (风头苍鹰) 鳳頭蒼鷹 'phoenix-headed darkblue hawk' |
カンムリオオタカ (冠大鷹) kanmuri ō-taka 'crested large hawk' |
|
Accipiter badius |
Shikra | เหยี่ยวนกเขาชิครา yìaw nók kʰăw cʰí-kraa 'shikra dove-hawk' (cʰí-kraa from English 'shikra') |
Burung Helang Sewah Shikra 'shikra cuckoo-hawk (bird)' (shikra from English 'shikra') (26) Burung Lang Cikra 'shikra hawk (bird)' (cikra nativised from English 'shikra') (25) Burung Lang Bido 'serpenthawk hawk (bird)' (24) |
Burung Elang-alap Shikra 'shikra falcon-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Ưng xám 'grey hawk2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
褐耳鹰 (褐耳鷹) 'brown-eared hawk' (1, 2, 3, 4) 褐耳雀鹰 (褐耳雀鷹) 'brown-eared sparrow hawk' (5) |
タカサゴダカ (高砂鷹) takasago-daka 'Taiwan hawk' |
|
Accipiter soloensis |
Chinese Sparrowhawk Chinese goshawk Grey frog hawk Horsfield's goshawk |
เหยี่ยวนกเขาพันธุ์จีน yìaw nók kʰăw pʰan ciin 'Chinese species dove-hawk' |
Burung Helang Sewah Cina 'Chinese cuckoo-hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Rajawali 'hawk hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang-alap Cina 'Chinese falcon-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Ưng lưng đen 'black-backed hawk2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
赤腹鹰 (赤腹鷹) 'red-bellied hawk' Taiwan: (赤腹鹰) 赤腹鷹 'red-bellied hawk' |
アカハラダカ (赤腹鷹) aka-hara-daka 'red-bellied hawk' |
|
Accipiter gularis |
Japanese sparrowhawk Japanese sparrow hawk Japanese lesser sparrow hawk |
เหยี่ยวนกเขาพันธุ์ญี่ปุ่น yìaw nók kʰăw pʰan yîi-pùn 'Japanese species dove-hawk' |
Burung Helang Sewah Jepun 'Japanese cuckoo-hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Sewah 'cuckoo-hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang-alap Nipon 'Japanese falcon-awk (bird)' |
Chim Ưng Nhật Bản 'Japanese hawk2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
日本松雀鹰 (日本松雀鷹) 'Japanese pine sparrow hawk' (2, 3, 4, 5) Taxonomy Taiwan: (日本松雀鹰) 日本松雀鷹 'Japanese pine sparrow hawk' |
ツミ (雀鷹 ~ 雀鷂) tsumi 'tsumi', written 'sparrow hawk' or 'sparrow sparrowhawk' |
|
Accipiter virgatus |
Besra Besra sparrow hawk |
เหยี่ยวนกกระจอกเล็ก yìaw nók krà-còaak lék 'small sparrow-hawk' |
Burung Helang Sewah Besra 'besra cuckoo-hawk (bird)' (besra from English 'besra') (26) Burung Lang Garang 'fierce hawk (bird)' (24) or Burung Lang Pipit 'sparrow hawk (bird)' (alt in 24) |
Burung Elang-alap Besra 'besra falcon-hawk (bird)' (besra from English 'besra') |
Chim Ưng bụng hung 'reddish-bellied hawk2 (bird)' (12, 13) |
松雀鹰 (松雀鷹) 'pine sparrow hawk' Taiwan: (松雀鹰) 松雀鷹 'pine sparrow hawk' |
ミナミツミ (南雀鷹 ~ 南雀鷂) minami tsumi 'southern tsumi' (written 'southern sparrow hawk' or 'southern sparrow sparrowhawk') |
|
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Accipiter nisus |
Eurasian sparrowhawk Northern sparrow hawk Sparrow hawk |
เหยี่ยวนกกระจอกใหญ่ yìaw nók krà-còaak yày 'large sparrow-hawk' |
Burung Lang Sewah Utara 'northern cuckoo-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Ưng mày trắng 'white-eyebrowed hawk2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
雀鹰 (雀鷹) 'sparrow hawk' Taiwan: (北雀鹰) 北雀鷹 'northern sparrow hawk' |
ハイタカ (鷂) hai-taka 'sparrowhawk' |
||
Accipiter gentilis |
Northern goshawk Goshawk |
เหยี่ยวนกเขาท้องขาว yìaw nók kʰăw tʰóaaŋ-kʰăaw 'white-bellied dove-hawk' |
Chim Ưng lớn 'large hawk2 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
苍鹰 (蒼鷹) 'darkblue hawk' Taiwan: (苍鹰) 蒼鷹 'darkblue hawk' |
オオタカ (大鷹) ō taka 'large hawk' |
|||
Haliaeetus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Haliaeetus leucogaster |
White-bellied Sea Eagle White-bellied Sea-Eagle White-bellied Fish Eagle |
นกออก nók òaak 'òaak bird' (onomat.) |
Burung Helang Siput 'shell hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Siput 'shell hawk (bird)' (24, 25) or Burung Helang Laut 'sea hawk (bird)' (alt in 26) |
Burung Elang-laut Perut-putih 'white-bellied sea-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Đại bàng biển bụng trắng 'white-bellied sea-eagle2 (bird)' (12, 13) |
白腹海鵰 (白腹海鵰) 'white-bellied sea-eagle' Taiwan: (白腹海鵰) 白腹海鵰 'white-bellied sea-eagle' |
シロハラウミワシ (白腹海鷲) shiro-hara umi-washi 'white-bellied sea-eagle' |
|
Haliaeetus leucoryphus |
Pallas's fish eagle Pallas's fish-eagle Pallas's sea eagle Pallas's fishing eagle |
นกอินทรีหัวนวล nók in-sii hŭa-nuan 'pale-headed Indra's bird' |
Chim Đại bàng biển đuôi trắng 'white-tailed sea-eagle2 (bird)' (12) |
玉带海鵰 (玉帶海鵰) 'jade band sea-eagle' |
キガシラウミワシ (黄頭海鷲) ki-gashira umi-washi 'yellow-headed sea-eagle' |
|||
Haliaeetus albicilla |
White-tailed sea eagle White-tailed eagle |
นกอินทรีหางขาว nók in-sii hăaŋ-kʰăaw 'white-tailed Indra's bird' |
白尾海鵰 (白尾海鵰) 'white-tailed sea-eagle' Taiwan: (白尾海鵰) 白尾海鵰 'white-tailed sea-eagle' |
オジロワシ (尾白鷲) o-jiro washi 'white-tailed eagle' |
||||
Ichthyophaga | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Ichthyophaga humilis Haliaeetus humilis Ichthyophaga nana |
Lesser fish eagle Lesser fish-eagle Lesser fishing eagle Himalayan grey-headed fishing eagle |
เหยี่ยวปลาเล็กหัวเทา yìaw-plaa lék hŭa-tʰaw 'grey-headed small fish-hawk' |
Burung Helang Kanguk Kecil 'small fisheagle hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Kanguk 'fisheagle hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Kangok 'fisheagle hawk (bird)' (24) |
Burung Elang-ikan Kecil 'small fish-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Diều cá bé 'little fish hawk1 (bird)' (12, 34) |
鱼鵰 (魚鵰) 'fish eagle' (2, 4) 渔鵰 (漁鵰) 'fishing eagle' (1, 3) 小渔鵰 (小漁鵰) 'small fishing eagle' (5) |
コウオクイワシ (小魚喰鷲) ko uo-kui washi 'small fish-eating eagle' |
|
Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus |
Grey-headed fish eagle Grey-headed fish-eagle Grey-headed fishing eagle |
เหยี่ยวปลาใหญ่หัวเทา yìaw-plaa yày hŭa-tʰaw 'grey-headed large fish-hawk' |
Burung Helang Kanguk Besar 'large fisheagle hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Kepala Kelabu 'grey-headed hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang-ikan Kepala-kelabu 'grey-headed fish-hawk (bird)' |
Chim Diều cá đầu xám 'grey-headed fish hawk1 (bird)' (12) |
灰头鱼鵰 (灰頭魚鵰) 'grey-headed fish eagle' (4) 灰头渔鵰 (灰頭漁鵰) 'grey-headed fishing eagle' (5) |
ウオクイワシ (魚喰鷲) uo-kui washi 'fish-eating eagle' |
|
Haliastur | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Haliastur indus Haliaeetus indus |
Brahminy kite | เหยี่ยวแดง yìaw daeeŋ 'red hawk' |
Burung Helang Merah 'red hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Merah 'red hawk (bird)' (24, 25) |
Burung Elang Bondol 'munia hawk (bird)' |
Haliaeetus indus: Chim Diều lửa 'fire hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
栗鸢 (栗鳶) 'chestnut kite' Taiwan: (栗鸢) 栗鳶 'chestnut kite' |
シロガシラトビ (白頭鳶) shiro-gashira tobi 'white-headed kite' |
|
Milvus | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Milvus migrans |
Black kite | เหยี่ยวดำ yìaw dam 'black hawk' Milvus lineatus: เหยี่ยวดำใหญ่ yìaw dam yày 'large black hawk' |
Burung Helang Ekor Cabang 'fork-tailed hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Gelap 'dark hawk (bird)' (24) Burung Lang Bangkai 'carrion hawk (bird)' (25) |
Burung Elang Paria 'pariah hawk (bird)' (from Dutch paria 'pariah') |
Chim Diều hâu 'hâu hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13) |
黑鸢 (黑鳶) 'black kite' or 鸢 (鳶) 'kite' (alt in 1, 5) Taiwan: (黑鸢) 黑鳶 'black kite' Taxonomy |
トビ (鳶) tobi 'kite' |
|
Butastur | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Butastur liventer |
Rufous-winged buzzard Rufous-winged buzzard eagle |
เหยี่ยวปีกแดง yìaw pìik-daeeŋ 'red-winged hawk' |
Burung Elang Sayap-coklat 'brown-winged hawk (bird)' |
Chim Diều xám 'grey hawk1 (bird)' (12) |
棕翅鵟鹰 (棕翅鵟鷹) 'reddishbrown-winged buzzard-hawk' |
チャバネサシバ (茶羽差羽 ~ 茶羽鸇) cha-bane sashi-ba 'brown-winged buzzard-eagle' |
||
Butastur indicus |
Grey-faced buzzard Grey-faced buzzard eagle |
เหยี่ยวหน้าเทา yìaw nâa-tʰaw 'grey-faced hawk' |
Burung Helang Kepala Kelabu 'grey-headed hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Belalang 'grasshopper hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Rintik 'speckled hawk (bird)' (24) |
Burung Elang Kelabu 'grey hawk (bird)' |
Chim Diều Ấn Độ 'Indian hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13, 34) |
灰脸鵟鹰 (灰臉鵟鷹) 'grey-faced buzzard-hawk' Taiwan: (灰面鵟鹰) 灰面鵟鷹 'grey-faced buzzard-hawk' |
サシバ (差羽) sashi-ba 'buzzard-eagle' |
|
Buteo | ||||||||
Latin |
English |
Thai |
Other Th |
Malaysian |
Indonesian |
Vietnamese |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Buteo buteo |
Eurasian buzzard Common buzzard Buzzard |
เหยี่ยวทะเลทราย yìaw tʰa-lee-saay 'desert hawk' |
Burung Helang Gempal 'strong hawk (bird)' (26) Burung Lang Utara 'northern hawk (bird)' (25) Burung Lang Besar 'large hawk (bird)' (24) |
Burung Elang Buteo 'buteo hawk (bird)' (buteo from Latin) |
Chim Diều thường 'common hawk1 (bird)' (34) or Chim Diều Buteo 'buteo hawk1 (bird)' (34) Chim Diều Nhật Bản 'Japanese hawk1 (bird)' (12, 13) Taxonomy |
普通鵟 (普通鵟) 'common buzzard' Taiwan: (鵟) 鵟 'buzzard' |
ヨーロッパノスリ (ヨーロッパ鵟) yōroppa nosuri 'European buzzard' (Wikipedia) |
|
Buteo refectus |
Himalayan buzzard | Buteo burmanicus: เหยี่ยวหิมาลัย yìaw hì-maa-lay 'Himalayan hawk' |
喜山鵟 (喜山鵟) 'Himalaya mountain buzzard' (Avibase) |
- |
The word ハチクマ hachi-kuma literally 'bee-bear' is written in Chinese characters as 1. 蜂角鷹 'bee horned hawk' or 2. 蜂熊 'bee bear'.
The distinction between 'eagle' and 'vulture' in Chinese is a relatively recent one. The character 鹫 is traditionally used for both eagles and vultures.
The etymology of サシバ sashiba' is unknown. In Chinese characters it is usually written 1) 差羽, where the verb 差す sasu has a very broad range of meanings, including 'to point', and 羽, here read ba, means 'wing' or 'feather', or 2) 鸇, an ancient Chinese raptor name.
Vietnamese Ưng 'hawk' is from the Chinese word 鷹, Mandarin yīng, meaning 'hawk'.
Đại bàng is from Chinese 大鵬, Mandarin dà-péng, a large legendary bird sometimes translated into English as 'roc'. In modern China the name is sometimes used commercially (e.g. in company names) as an auspicious equivalent to 'eagle'.
Diều Nhật Bản 'Japanese hawk' appears to be based on an earlier identification of the local species as Buteo buteo japonicus. H&M4, which now recognises Buteo japonicus as a full species, confines its distribution to Japan itself, leaving the Vietnamese name as a possible misnomer.
The mythological bird who served as the mount for the god Indra, นกอินทรี nók in-sii 'Indra's bird', has come to be identified in Thai with the eagle. Thai names for many birds called 'eagle' in English are based on this now generalised name.
พญา pʰa-yaa 'king' becomes the head noun of the name. The construction can be interpreted as a term of address as in 'King Vulture' or as here, 'king of vultures; vulture king'.
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全(修订版) 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册(中文版)约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯,合作者:荷芬奇,翻译:卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编:郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称(拉丁文、汉文、英文对照)第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
中国鸟类分布名录 第二版 郑作新 科学出版社 北京 1976年
(Checklist of the Classification of Birds of China 2nd edition by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 1976)
香港及華南鳥類(第六版)(翻譯成中文及重新修訂) 尹璉、費嘉倫、林超英 香港性徵特區政府新聞處政府印務局 1994年
Birds of Hong Kong and South China (6th edition, translated into Chinese and newly revised) by Clive Viney, Karen Phillipps, Lin Chaoying, Hong Kong Govt. Press 1994
Pocket Checklist of the Birds of the Republic of Singapore / Senai Jenis-Jenis Burung di Singapura / 新加坡野鸟目录 by Lim Kim Seng Nature Society (Singapore) 1999
Danh Lục Chim Việt Nam (In lần thứ hai) (Checklist of the Birds of Vietnam) Võ Quý, Nguyễn Cử, Nhà Xuất Bản Nông Nghiệp, Hà Nội 1999
Chim Việt Nam Nguyễn Cử, Lê Trọng Trải, Karen Phillipps; Nhà Xuất Bản Lao Động - Xã Hội, 2000
นกในเมืองไทย รศ. โอภาส ขอบเขตต (Birds in Thailand, Assoc. Prof. Obhas Khobkhet), in 5 volumes, Sarakadee Press, Bangkok, 1998-2001
Senarai Nama-nama Burung Semenanjung Malaysia dan Asia Tenggara by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Perhilitan (Jabatam Perlindungan Hidupan Liar dan Taman Negara, Semenanjung Malaysia), Kuala Lumpur 1981 br> (List of the Names of Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Southeast Asia by Ismail, Abdul Rahman, Department of Wildlife and National Parks, Peninsular Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 1981
The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 1 - Non-passerines by Wells, David R., Academic Press, London 1999
A Field Guide to the Birds of West Malaysia and Singapore by Jeyarajasingam, Allen and Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 1999
The Birds of the Thai-Malay Peninsula: Vol. 2 - Passerines by Wells, David R., Christopher Helm, A&C Black, London 2007
A Field Guide to the Birds of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore (second edition) by Jeyarajasingham, Allen, Illustrations by Alan Pearson, Oxford University Press, Oxford 2012
A Field Guide to the Birds of Java and Bali (second edition) by MacKinnon, John, Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta 1990
Danh Lục Các Loài Chim ở Việt Nam (Latinh, Việt, Pháp, Hán) Trần Văn Chánh 2008-2009