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There are a variety of names used for the Fringillidae in Mongolian, with considerable confusion in the assignment of scientific names.
Names can be roughly divided into two camps: distinctive names traditionally used for a few conspicuous species, and those belonging to a set of similar-sounding names (all beginning in Б b) that are used for small passerines, notably sparrows and larks.
Some names in the first group are:
Шаршуу sharshuu, referring to the grosbeak. This is an abbreviation of шар хушуу shar khushuu 'yellow bill'.
Зана zan, the name of the bullfinch. This name is also used in Buryat.
Алтан жигүүр altaŋ jigüür 'golden wing' is an old name for the Grey-capped Greenfinch (Chloris sinica) found in the Imperial Pentaglot Manchu Mirror (37) of 1805. It is probably modelled on the Chinese name 金翅 'gold-wing'.
The most important name in the second group is Бужирга bujirag, which also appears in the form Божрог bojrog. (Owing to the nature of the Mongolian traditional alphabet, these are alternative pronunciations of the same written form. The pronunciation Божрог bojrog is favoured in Inner Mongolia.) For want of a better alternative, this has been glossed as 'fringillid' in the lists.
While Бужирга bujirag / Божрог bojrog are a general term for the finches, other names are also used, including Болжмор boljmor (now more usually identified with the larks) and Бялзуухай byalzuukhai (a general term for sparrows and small passerines).
Ornithological names
In the ornithological names, there is considerable confusion in names, with random coinages and changes by ornithologists.
The older ornithological names (pre-2007) were not consistently standardised and did not always follow generic or familial assignments.
1. Бужирга bujirag 'fringillid' was the most typical name for the Fringillidae, being used for many species in the Carduelinae: Carpodacus (rosefinches), Pinicola (Pine Grosbeak), Leucosticte (mountain finches), Linaria (Twite), Acanthis (redpolls), and Carduelis (goldfinch).
2. Болжмор boljmor, which is also used for the Alaudidae (larks), and is popularly used for sparrows, was used for the grosbeaks/hawfinches. (At the same time these also incorporated some traditional names as descriptors).
3. The Fringillinae (Chaffinch and Brambling) and Loxia (the crossbill) used the old standby Бялзуухай byalzuukhai, which is applied to all kinds of small passerines and is conventionally glossed as 'finch' on this site. The crossbill used the name Загалмай бялзуухай zagalmai byalzuukhai, meaning 'cross-finch'.
4. The bullfinch and the Long-tailed Rosefinch were known by the distinctive name Зана zan.
5. The old name Алтан жигүүр altaŋ jigüür 'golden wing' was used for one of the greenfinches and for the Mongolian Finch.
6. Ногоолзой nogoolzoi was used for the siskin. This is clearly related to the name Ногоолдой nogooldoi, referring to a greenish-coloured warbler (ногоо nogoo 'green') and used for the leaf warblers (Phylloscopidae) in Inner Mongolia.
7. Улаавар шувуу ulaavar shuvuu 'rufous bird' was used for some of the rosefinches.
The 2007 ornithological names drastically restructured this to produce a 'binomial' format.
1. The name Бужирга bujirag was transferred from the Carduelinae to the Fringillinae (Brambling and Chaffinch). This sudden reversal in usage was possibly an attempt to harmonise the genus name (Fringilla) with the family name (Fringillidae).
3. The name Болжмор boljmor was dropped for the Fringillidae and reserved for the larks.
2. Genera formerly called Бужирга bujirag and Болжмор boljmor were given new names, often variants of older names:
a) Chloris was named Ногоолдой nogooldoi, referring to a greenish-coloured bird. This is related to the existing Ногоолзой nogoolzoi, still used for the Siskin (Spinus spinus).
b) Names that are similar to existing names but are not found in any dictionaries were introduced, including Бужиранга bujirang for the goldfinch (Carduelis), Бужмар bujmar for the rosefinches (current Erythryna and Carpodacus), and Булжуухай buljuukhai for the hawfinch (Coccothraustes). The alternative pronunciation Божрог bojrog was adopted in (15) for the Desert Finch (Rhodospiza).
c) Цэгцүүхэй tsegtsüükhei was introduced for Acanthis. This is listed in dictionaries as referring to the wagtails and/or red finches. It is related to the name Цэгцгий tsetsgii, also used for the wagtails.
d) Зангалай zaŋgalai was introduced for the mountain finches (Leucosticte). It is listed in ordinary dictionaries as a name for kinds of finch (although one dictionary gives it as referring to the White-tailed Sea Eagle). The meaning of this word in ordinary language is someone who stammers or has difficulty talking.
e) The crossbills were renamed Солбинхушуут solbiŋ-khushuut, meaning 'cross-billed'.
f) The grosbeak (Euphona), having dropped the Болжмор boljmor, became Шаршуу sharshuu 'yellow-bill'. A similar name based on the word Шүр shür 'coral', Шүршүү shürshüü 'coral-bill', was introduced for the Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola).
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolian naming is a mixture of traditional naming and ornithological innovations, at times under the influence of Chinese.
1. The Brambling (Fringilla) is known as Хятран бялзуухай khatran byalzuukhai. Хятран khatraŋ or Хятруун khatruuŋ is an old traditional name for the Brambling, often used in combination with other names (e.g., Хятран хараацай khyatraŋ kharaatsai 'khyatran swallow'). Хятруу khatruu, minus the final н (ŋ, or n in Inner Mongolia), is a name for the robins.
2. The hawfinch is known as Хөхшүү khökh-shüü 'darkbluebill', modelled on the name of the grosbeak, Шаршуу sharshuu 'yellowbill'.
3. Бoжрoг bojrog 'fringillid', the Inner Mongolian variant of Бужирга bujirag, was used for rose finches (Erythrina, Carpodacus), siskins (Spinus), and crossbills (Loxia), e.g., Загалмай божрог zagalmai bojrog 'cross fringillid.
4. Бялзуухай byalzuukhai 'finch' is used for species in a number of genera: Eremopsaltria (sand finch), Rhodospiza (desert finch), Leucosticte (mountain finch), Acanthis (redpolls), Spinus (siskins), and Fringilla (Brambling). Chloris (greenfinches) are known as Алтан жигүүр бялзуухай altaŋ jigüür byalzuukhai 'gold-wing finch'.
More recent Inner Mongolian names have adopted some innovations:
1. Some names have been borrowed from Mongolian usage, including that for the Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs) and the Mongolian Finch (Eremopsaltria mongolica).
2. A new name, Ноголж nogolj (reading tentative), has been coined for the Twite (Linaria flavirostris).
Species names
| FRINGILLINAE | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
MONGOLIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
TURKIC |
||||||
| Fringilla | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
Fringilla coelebs |
Common Chaffinch Chaffinch Common Chaffinch Зяблик, Обыкновенный зяблик |
Дуулгат бужирга ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠭᠠᠲᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ duulagt bujirag 'steel-helmeted fringillid' |
Дуулгат божрог ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠭᠠᠲᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ duulagt bojrog 'steel-helmeted fringillid' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Дуулгат ээрүүл бялзуухай ᠳᠣᠭᠣᠯᠭᠠᠲᠣ ᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠦᠯ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ duulagt eerüül byalzuukhai 'steel-helmeted spindle finch' |
苍头燕雀 (蒼頭燕雀) 'darkblue-headed swallow sparrow' |
ズアオアトリ (頭青花鶏) zu-ao atori 'blue/green-headed brambling' |
Жаурауық jawrawıq 'chaffinch' |
İspinoz 'finch' |
|
| Fringilla montifringilla |
Brambling Юрок, Вьюрок |
Алаг бужирга ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ alag bujirag 'motley fringillid' |
Хятруу бялзуухай ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠷᠣᠣ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ khatruu byalzuukhai 'robin finch' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Алаг хуухуур бялзуухай alag khuukhuur byalzuukhai 'motley khuukhuur finch' IM also: Хятран бялзуухай ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ khatran byalzuukhai 'brambling finch' (31) Other: Хятран ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠷᠣᠨ khatran 'brambling' Хятруун хараацай ᠬᠢᠲᠠᠷᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠴᠠᠢ khatruuŋ kharaatsai 'robin swallow' (37) |
燕雀 (燕雀) 'swallow-finch' Taiwan: (花雀) 花雀 'flowery finch' |
アトリ (花鶏 ~ 猲子鳥) atori 'brambling' |
되새 doe-sae 'chaffinch bird' |
Құнақ qunaq 'finch' |
Dağ İspinozu 'mountain-finch' |
| CARDUELINAE | |||||||||
SCIENTIFIC & WESTERN |
MONGOLIAN |
EAST ASIAN |
TURKIC |
||||||
| COCCOTHRAUSTINI | |||||||||
| Coccothraustes | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Coccothraustes coccothraustes |
Hawfinch Дубонос, Обыкновенный дубонос |
Банхар булжуухай baŋkhar buljuukhai 'broad-thick finch (variant)' |
Хөхшүү ᠬᠦᠬᠡᠱᠣᠣ khökh-shüü 'darkbluebill' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Хөхөлт хөх болжмор ᠬᠦᠬᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠮᠣᠷ khökhölt khökh boljmor 'braided darkblue lark' Other: Ирэвлэг бялзуухай ᠢᠷᠪᠢᠯᠢᠭ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ irevleg byalzuukhai 'irevleg finch' (37) |
锡嘴雀 (錫嘴雀) 'tin-billed finch' Taiwan: (腊嘴雀) 臘嘴雀 'cured-meat-billed finch' |
シメ (鴲 ~ 蝋嘴) shime 'hawfinch' |
콩새 kong-sae 'bean ? bird' |
Кәдімгі ементұмсық kädimgi emen-tumsıq 'true oak-bill' |
Kocabaş 'grosbeak' |
| Eophona | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Eophona migratoria Coccothraustes migratorius |
Yellow-billed Grosbeak or Chinese Grosbeak Black-tailed Hawfinch Малый черноголовый дубонос |
Наран шаршуу ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠱᠣᠣ naraŋ sharshuu 'Japanese yellowbill' |
Хар сүүлт шаршуу ᠬᠠᠷᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠱᠣᠣ khar süült sharshuu 'black-tailed yellowbill' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Шаршуу болжмор ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠱᠣᠣ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠣᠮᠣᠷ sharshuu boljmor 'yellowbill lark' Other: Бараан хавтгалж ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ baraan khavtgalj 'black snipe' (37) |
黑尾蜡嘴雀 (黑尾蠟嘴雀) 'black-tailed wax-billed finch' Taiwan: (小桑鸤) 小桑鳲 'small mulberry grosbeak' |
コイカル (小桑鳲 ~ 小鵤 ~ 小斑鳩) ko-ikaru 'small grosbeak' |
밀화부리 milhwa-buri 'waxen-bill' |
||
| CARPODACINI | |||||||||
| Erythrina | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Erythrina erythrina Carpodacus erythrinus |
Common rosefinch Обыкновенная чечевица |
Улаавар бужмар ulaavar bujmar 'rufous lark (variant)' |
Божрог ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ bojrog 'fringillid' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Улаавар шувуу ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠣ ulaavar shuvuu 'rufous bird' |
普通朱雀 (普通朱雀) 'common vermilion-finch' Taiwan: (普通朱雀) 普通朱雀 'common vermilion-finch' |
アカマシコ (赤猿子) aka mashiko 'red rosefinch' |
적원자 jeogwonja 'jeogwonja' |
Кәдімгі құралай kädigmi quralay 'true rosefinch' |
Çütre 'rosefinch' |
| Carpodacus | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Carpodacus rubicilla |
Great rosefinch Caucasian great rosefinch Большая чечевица |
Улаан бужмар ulaaŋ bujmar 'red lark (variant)' |
Mongolia formerly: Улаан бужирга ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ulaaŋ bujirag 'red fringillid' |
大朱雀 (大朱雀) 'large vermilion-finch' |
シロボシマシコ (白星猿子) shiro-boshi mashiko 'white star rosefinch' |
Үлкен құралай ülken quralay 'large rosefinch' |
Büyük Çütre 'large rosefinch' |
||
| Carpodacus sibiricus Uragus sibiricus |
Long-tailed rosefinch Урагус, Длиннохвостая чечевица, Длиннохвостый снегирь |
Үүрэн сүүлтзана ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ üüreŋ süült-zan 'üüren tailed bullfinch' |
Сүүл урт божрог ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠣᠷᠲᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ süül urt bojrog 'long-tailed fringillid' (31, 33) or Үүрэн сүүлт зана ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ üüreŋ süült zan 'üüren tailed bullfinch' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Үүрэн сүүлт зана ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠲᠦ ᠽᠠᠨᠠ üüreŋ süült zan 'üüren tailed bullfinch' |
长尾雀 (長尾雀) 'long-tailed finch' |
ベニマシコ (紅猿子) beni mashiko 'crimson rosefinch' |
긴꼬리홍양진이 gin-kkori-hong-yangjini 'long-tailed red rosefinch' |
Кезқұйрық самыр kez-quyrıq samır 'long-tailed samır' |
|
| Carpodacus roseus |
Pallas's rosefinch Siberian rosefinch Сибирская чечевица |
Ягаан бужмар yagaaŋ bujmar 'pink lark (variant)' |
Умарт божрог ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ umart bojrog 'northern fringillid' (33) or Умарт улаан божрог ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ umart ulaaŋ bojrog 'northern red fringillid' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Ягаан бужирга ᠶᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ yagaaŋ bujirag 'pink fringillid' IM also: Умартын божрог ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠵᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ umartin bojrog 'northern fringillid' (31) Other: Улаан бор азарга ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠠᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠ ulaaŋ bor azrag 'red dun bunting1' (37) |
北朱雀 (北朱雀) 'northern vermilion-finch' (北朱雀) 北朱雀 'northern vermilion-finch' |
オオマシコ (大猿子) ō mashiko 'large rosefinch' |
양진이 yangjini 'rosefinch' |
Жолаққанат құралай jolaq-qanat quralay 'motley-winged rosefinch' |
|
| Carpodacus rhodochlamys |
Red-mantled rosefinch Арчовая чечевица, Арчевая чечевица, Розовая чечевица, Малая розовая чечевица |
Арцны бужмар artsni bujmar 'juniper lark (variant)' |
Mongolia formerly: Арцны улаавар шувуу ᠠᠷᠴᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠪᠣᠷ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠭᠣ artsni ulaavar shuvuu 'juniper rufous bird' |
红腰朱雀 (紅腰朱雀) 'red-rumped vermilion-finch' |
ヒゴロモマシコ (緋衣猿子) hi-goromo mashiko 'scarlet-robed rosefinch' |
Арша құралайы arşa quralayı 'juniper rosefinch' |
|||
| Carpodacus davidianus Carpodacus pulcherrimus |
Père David's rosefinch Chinese Beautiful Rosefinch Beautiful rosefinch Серебристая чечвица, Красивая чечвица |
Бүлхэрээ бужмар bülkheree bujmar 'strong crow (?) lark (variant)' |
Mongolia formerly: Бүлхэрээ бужирга ᠪᠦᠯᠡ ᠬᠡᠷᠢᠶᠡ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ bülkheree bujirag 'strong crow ? fringillid' |
红眉朱雀 (紅眉朱雀) 'red-eyebrowed vermilion-finch' |
コウザンマシコ (高山猿子) kōzan mashiko 'high-mountain rosefinch' |
||||
| PYRRHULINI | |||||||||
| Pinicola | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Pinicola enucleator |
Pine grosbeak Pine rosefinch Щур, Обыкновенный щур |
Нарсны шүршүү ᠨᠠᠷᠰᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠢᠷᠣᠱᠣᠣ narsni shürshüü 'pine coral-bill' |
Нарсны шүршүү ᠨᠠᠷᠰᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠱᠢᠷᠣᠱᠣᠣ narsni shürshüü 'pine coral-bill' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Нарсны бужирга ᠨᠠᠷᠰᠣᠨ ᠦ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ narsni bujirag 'pine fringillid' |
松雀 (松雀) 'pine-finch' |
ギンザンマシコ (銀山猿子) gin-zan mashiko 'silver mountain rosefinch' |
솔양진이 soll-yangjini 'pine rosefinch' |
Орман қызылқұнағы orman qızıl-qunağı 'garden red-finch' |
|
| Pyrrhula | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Pyrrhula pyrrhula |
Eurasian bullfinch Northern bullfinch Common bullfinch Bullfinch Cassin's bullfinch Снегирь, Обыкновенный снэгирь |
Эгэл зана ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ egel zan 'common bullfinch'  Taxonomy |
Эгэл зана ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠵᠠᠨᠠ egel zan 'common bullfinch' (33) NoteTaxonomy |
Mongolia formerly: Зана ᠵᠠᠨᠠ zan 'bullfinch' Old: Хавтгалж ᠬᠠᠪᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯᠵᠢ khavtgalj 'snipe' (37) |
红腹灰雀 (紅腹灰雀) 'red-bellied grey-finch' |
ウソ (鷽) uso 'bullfinch' |
멋쟁이 meo-t-jaengi 'mountain jaengi |
Кәдімгі суықторғай kädimgi swıq-torğay 'true cold-sparrow' |
Şakrakkuşu 'bullfinch bird' |
| Eremopsaltria | |||||||||
Latin |
English/Russian |
Mongolian |
Inner M |
Other M |
Chinese |
Japanese |
Korean |
Kazakh |
Turkish |
| Eremopsaltria mongolica Bucanetes mongolicus Rhodopechys mongolica |
Mongolian finch Mongolian trumpeter finch Mongolian desert finch Trumpeter desert finch Монгольский снегирь, Монгольский пустынный снегирь |
Монгол алтанжигүүр ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ moŋgol altaŋ-jigüür 'Mongolian gold-wing' |
Монгол алтанжигүүр ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ moŋgol altaŋ-jigüür 'Mongolian gold-wing' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Монгол алтан жигүүр ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ moŋgol altaŋ jigüür 'Mongolian gold-wing' IM also: Манхан бялзуухай ᠮᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ maŋkhaŋ byalzuukhai 'sand-dune finch' (31) |
蒙古沙雀 (蒙古沙雀) 'Mongolian sand-finch' |
モウコナキマシコ (蒙古鳴き猿子) mōko naki-mashiko 'Mongolian crying-rosefinch' |
Моңғол суықторғайы moñğol swıq-torğayı 'Mongolian neighing ? sparrow' |
Doğu Alameceği 'eastern finch' |
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| Leucosticte | |||||||||
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| Leucosticte nemoricola |
Plain mountain finch Hodgson's rosy finch Hodgson's mountain finch Гималайский вьюрок |
Хималайн зангалай ᠾᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ khimalaiŋ zaŋgalai 'Himalayan stammerer' |
Хималайн зангалай ᠾᠢᠷᠮᠠᠭᠯᠠᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠢ khimalaiŋ zaŋgalai 'Himalayan stammerer' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Хималайн цахир бужирга ᠾᠢᠮᠠᠯᠠᠶᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ khimalaiŋ tsakhir bujirag 'Himalayan nail-fleck fringillid' |
林岭雀 (林嶺雀) 'forest mountain-ridge finch' |
ハイイロマシコ (灰色猿子) hai-iro mashiko 'grey rosefinch' |
Аршашыл құнақ arşaşıl qunaq 'juniper-partridge ??? finch' |
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| Leucosticte brandti |
Brandt's mountain finch Brandt's rosy finch Жемчужный вьюрок, Горный вьюрок |
Арцны зангалай ᠠᠷᠴᠠᠨ ᠦ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ artsni zaŋgalai 'juniper stammerer' |
Mongolia formerly: Цахир бужирга ᠴᠠᠬᠢᠷ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ tsakhir bujirag 'nail-fleck fringillid' |
高山岭雀 (高山嶺雀) 'high mountain mountain-ridge finch' |
シンジュマシコ (真珠猿子) shinju mashiko 'pearl rosefinch' |
Інжурең құнақ ınjwreñ qunaq 'coral finch' |
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| Leucosticte arctoa |
Asian rosy finch Rosy mountain finch White-winged mountain finch Сибирский вьюрок, Горный вьюрок |
Занхгар зангалай ᠵᠠᠩᠬᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠩᠭᠠᠯᠠᠢ zaŋkhgar zaŋgalai 'large-headed stammerer' |
Хондлой хундан зангалай ᠬᠣᠨᠳᠣᠯᠠᠢ ᠬᠣᠨᠳᠣᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠯᠠᠢ xondloi xundan zangalai 'red rump stammerer' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Бухин дух бужирга ᠪᠣᠬᠢᠨ ? ᠳᠣᠬᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ bukhiŋ dukh bujirag 'bukhin-forehead fringillid' IM also: Умарт уулан бялзуухай ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠠᠭᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ umart uulan byalzuukhai 'northern mountain finch' (31) |
粉红腹岭雀 (粉紅腹嶺雀) 'pink-bellied mountain-ridge finch' |
ハギマシコ (萩猿子) hagi mashiko 'bush-clover rosefinch' |
갈색양진이 gal-saeg-yangjini 'brown-coloured rosefinch' |
Бұлдыр құнақ buldır qunaq 'faint ??? finch' |
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| CARDUELINI | |||||||||
| Rhodospiza | |||||||||
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| Rhodospiza obsoleta Rhodopechys obsoleta |
Desert finch Lichtenstein's desert finch Пустьынный вьюрок |
Цөлийн божрог ᠵᠦᠯ ᠦᠨ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ tsöliŋ bojrog 'desert fringillid' (15) |
Inner M: Хошуурхаг манхан бялзуухай ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣᠷᠬᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ khoshuurkhag maŋkhaŋ byalzuukhai 'big-billed sand-dune finch' (31) |
巨嘴沙雀 (巨嘴沙雀) 'giant-billed sand-finch' |
ハシグロナキマシコ (嘴黒鳴き猿子) hashi-guro naki-mashiko 'black-billed crying-rosefinch' |
Шөл құнақ şöl qunaq 'desert finch' |
Boz Alamecek 'dun finch' |
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| Chloris | |||||||||
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| Chloris chloris Carduelis chloris |
European greenfinch Western greenfinch |
Өрнийн ногоолдой ᠦᠷᠦᠨᠡ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ örniŋ nogooldoi 'western greenbird' (15) |
欧金翅雀 (歐金翅雀) 'European gold-winged finch' (2, 4) 绿金翅 (綠金翅) 'green gold-wing' (1) 金翅 (金翅) 'gold-wing' (5) |
アオカワラヒワ (青河原鶸) ao kawara hiwa 'blue/green riverbed siskin' |
Жасылтауылжық jasıl-tawıljıq 'green songster?' |
Florya 'greenfinch" |
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| Chloris sinica Carduelis sinica |
Grey-capped Greenfinch East Asian Greenfinch Greenfinch Chinese greenfinch Китайская зеленушка |
Нангиад ногоолдой ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ naŋgiad nogooldoi 'Chinese greenbird' |
Алтан жигүүр бялзуухай ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ altaŋ jigüür byalzuukhai 'gold-wing finch' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Нангиад алтан жигүүр ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ naŋgiad altaŋ jigüür 'Chinese golden wing' Other: Алтан жигүүр ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭᠦᠷ altaŋ jigüür 'gold-wing' (37) |
金翅雀 (金翅雀) 'gold-winged finch' (1, 2, 3, 4) or 金翅 (金翅) 'gold-wing' (alt in 1, 3, 5) Taxonomy
东方金翅 (東方金翅) 'eastern gold-wing' (5) Taiwan (金翅雀) 金翅雀 'gold-winged finch' |
カワラヒワ (河原鶸) kawara hiwa 'river-bed siskin' |
방울새 bangul-sae 'finch bird' |
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| Linaria | |||||||||
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| Linaria flavirostris Carduelis flavirostris Acanthis flavirostris |
Twite Горная чечетка, Горная коноплянка |
Acanthis flavirostris: Улаан цэгцүүхэй ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠦᠬᠡᠢ ulaaŋ tsegtsüükhei 'red redfinch' |
Нангиад ноголж ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳᠣ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠯᠵᠢ naŋgiad nogolj 'Chinese green' (33) Note |
Mongolia formerly: Улаан бор бужирга ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ulaaŋ bor bujirag 'red dun fringillid' |
黄嘴朱顶雀 (黃嘴朱頂雀) 'yellow-billed vermilion-capped finch' |
キバシヒワ (黄嘴鶸) ki-bashi hiwa 'yellow-billed siskin' |
Тау шонайнығы taw şonaynığı 'mountain linnet' |
Sarıgagalı Ketenkuşu 'yellow-billed linen-bird' |
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| Linaria cannabina Carduelis cannabina Acanthis cannabinus |
Common linnet Eurasian linnet Linnet Коноплянка, Реполов |
Acanthis cannabina: Алтан цэгцүүхэй ᠠᠯᠲᠠᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠦᠬᠡᠢ altaŋ tsegtsüükhei 'golden redfinch' |
赤胸朱顶雀 (赤胸朱頂雀) 'red-breasted vermilion-capped finch' |
ムネアカヒワ (胸赤鶸) mune-aka hiwa 'red-breasted siskin' |
Шонайнақ şonaynaq 'linnet' |
Ketenkuşu 'linen-bird' |
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| Acanthis | |||||||||
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| Acanthis flammea Carduelis flammea |
Common redpoll Redpoll Обыкновенная чечетка |
Дөлөн цэгцүүхэй ᠳᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠦᠬᠡᠢ dölöŋ tsegtsüükhei 'flame redfinch' |
Хондлой цагаан сарт бялзуухай ᠬᠣᠨᠳᠣᠯᠠᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ khondloi tsagaan sart byalzuukhai 'white-rump mooned finch' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Улаан толгойт бужирга ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠯᠣᠭᠠᠢᠲᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ulaaŋ tolgoit bujirag 'red-headed fringillid' |
白腰朱顶雀 (白腰朱頂雀) 'white-rumped vermilion-capped finch' Taiwan: (普通朱顶雀) 普通朱頂雀 'common vermilion-capped finch' |
ベニヒワ (紅鶸) beni hiwa 'crimson siskin' |
홍방울새 hong-bangul-sae 'red finch bird' |
Шекілдек şekildek 'redpoll' |
Kuzey Ketenkuşu 'northern linen-bird' |
| Acanthis hornemanni Carduelis hornemanni |
Arctic redpoll or Hoary redpoll Пепельная чечетка, Тундрянная чечетка, Тундровая чечетка |
Шунхан цэгцүүхэй ᠰᠢᠩᠬᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠭᠴᠡᠦᠬᠡᠢ shuŋkhaŋ tsegtsüükhei 'red redfinch' |
Умарт сарт бялзуухай ᠣᠮᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠰᠠᠷᠠᠲᠣ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ khondloi tsagaan sart byalzuukhai 'white-rump mooned finch' (33) |
Mongolia formerly: Шунхан зулайт бужирга ᠰᠢᠩᠬᠣᠨ ᠵᠣᠯᠠᠢᠲᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ shuŋkhaŋ zulait bujirag 'red-headed fringillid' |
极北朱顶雀 (北極朱頂雀) 'far north vermilion-capped finch' |
コベニヒワ (小紅鶸) ko beni hiwa 'small crimson siskin' |
쇠홍방울새 soe-hong-bangul-sae 'small red finch bird' |
Күл шекілдек kül şekildek 'ash redpoll' |
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| Loxia | |||||||||
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| Loxia curvirostra |
Red crossbill Crossbill Обыкновенный клёст |
Гацуурын солбинхушуут ᠭᠠᠴᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣᠲᠣ gatsuuriŋ solbiŋ-khushuut 'twig cross-billed' (15) |
Улаан загалмай божрог ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠮᠠᠢ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ulaan zagalmai bojrog 'red cross fringillid' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Гацуурын загалмай бялзуухай ᠭᠠᠴᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠮᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ gatsuuriŋ zagalmai byalzuukhai 'twig cross-finch' Other: Загалмай бялзуухай ᠣᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠮᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ zagalmai byalzuukhai 'cross finch' (37) |
红交嘴雀 (紅交嘴雀) 'red cross-billed finch' |
イスカ (交喙 ~ 鶍) isuka 'crossbill' |
솔잣새 sol-jas-sae 'pine crossbill bird' |
Шыршашыл қайшауыз şırşaşıl qayşawız 'şırşaşıl qayşawız (?)' |
Bayağı Çaprazgaga 'common cross-bill' |
| Loxia leucoptera |
White-winged crossbill Белокрылый клёст |
Тольт солбинхушуут ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲᠣ ᠰᠣᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣᠲᠣ tol't solbiŋ-khushuut 'pretty cross-billed' |
Тольт солбин хушуут ᠲᠣᠯᠢᠲᠣ ᠰᠣᠯᠪᠢᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠣᠲᠣ tol't solbiŋ-khushuut 'pretty cross-billed' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Хүрдэг загалмай бялзуухай ᠬᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠮᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ khürdeg zagalmai byalzuukhai 'touching (?) cross-finch' |
白翅交嘴雀 (白翅交嘴雀) 'white-winged cross-billed finch' |
ナキイスカ (鳴き交喙 ~ 鳴き鶍) naki-isuka 'crying crossbill' |
흰죽지솔잣새 huin-jukji-sol-jas-sae 'white-wingjointed pine crossbill bird' |
Аққанатты қайшауыз aq-qanattı qayşawız 'white-winged qayşawız (?)' |
Çizgili Çaprazgaga 'striped cross-bill' (Wikipedia) |
| Carduelis | |||||||||
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| Carduelis carduelis |
European goldfinch Eurasian goldfinch Goldfinch Eurasian goldenfinch Щегол, Черногоровый щегол |
Бор бужиранга bor bujiraŋg 'dun fringillid (variant)' Taxonomy |
Mongolia formerly: Бор бужирга ᠪᠣᠷᠣ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ bor bujirag 'dun fringillid' Other: Алгар шувуу algar shuvuu 'goldfinch bird' (Wikipedia) |
红额金翅雀 (紅額金翅雀) 'red-foreheaded gold-winged finch' (1, 2, 3, 4) 红额金翅 (紅額金翅) 'red-foreheaded gold-wing' (5. alt in 1, 3) |
ゴシキヒワ (五色鶸) go-shiki hiwa 'five-coloured siskin' |
Кәдімгі пайыз kädimgi payız 'true goldfinch' |
Saka 'goldfinch' |
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| Spinus | |||||||||
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| Spinus spinus Carduelis spinus |
Eurasian siskin Spruce siskin Siskin Чиж, Обыкновенный чиж |
Эгэл ногоолзой ᠡᠭᠡᠯ ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠢ egel nogoolzoi 'common greenfinch' (variant) |
Шар божрог ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ shar bojrog 'yellow fringillid' (31, 33) or Шар бялзуухай ᠰᠢᠷᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ shar byalzuukhai 'yellow finch' (31, 33) |
Mongolia formerly: Ногоолзой ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠᠢ nogoolzoi 'greenfinch' Other: божрог бялзуухай ᠪᠣᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠢᠯᠵᠣᠣᠬᠠᠢ bojrog byalzuukhai 'bоjrog finch' (Inner Mongolia) |
黄雀 (黃雀) 'yellow-sparrow' Taiwan: (黃雀) 黄雀 'yellow-sparrow' |
マヒワ (真鶸) ma-hiwa 'true siskin' |
검은머리방울새 geomeun-meori-bangul-sae 'black-headed finch bird' |
Шымшық şımşıq 'siskin' |
Karabaşlı İskete 'black-headed siskin' |
The source gives Залмагаи zalmagai 'gill', which is obviously an error.
The word Болжмор boljmor was originally a term for small birds in general. In Mongolia it is now usually identified with the larks, in Inner Mongolia with the sparrows. Here it is used in the original general sense of 'small bird'.
Compare Хөх бор азарга ulaaŋ bor azrag, which (37) gives for the common sparrow. In Inner Mongolian ornithological usage, азарга azrag is used for the buntings.
The Mongolian name for the members of the genus Carduelis, Цэгцүүхэй tsegtsuukhei, is closely related to the name of the wagtails, Цэгцгий tsegtsgii. The words have only one letter's difference in the traditional script, and both Inner Mongolian dictionaries and Mongolian dictionaries tend to define both names as meaning both 'red-finch' and 'wagtail'.
The name アトリ atori has traditionally been written: 1. as 花鶏 literally 'flower chicken/fowl', an old Chinese name for the Brambling; 2. using the character combination 猲子鳥, also presumably of Chinese origin.
The name イスカ isuka has traditionally been written: 1. with the Chinese name of the crossbill, 交喙 meaning 'crossed bill'; 2. using the Japanese created character 鶍.
The name シメ shime has traditionally been written: 1. with the Japanese-created (or adapted) character 鴲, 2. the Chinese name of the bird, written 蝋嘴 'wax bill'.
A variety of Chinese characters or character combinations have traditionally been used to write the word イカル ikaru: 1. the characters 桑鳲, identified as the Chinese name for the grosbeaks; 2. the Japanese-created character 鵤; 3. the Chinese characters 斑鳩 meaning 'striped pigeon'.
The Inner Mongolian list uses ᠵᠡᠩᠨᠡ зэгнэ zegne, which is not found in any sources. It is likely an error for ᠵᠠᠨᠠ зана zan and has been corrected here.
Pyrrhula pyrrhula griseiventris, the East Asian Bullfinch, is treated as a separate species in the Inner Mongolian list: ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠮᠠ ᠬᠦᠬᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠨᠡ Дарам хөх зэгнэ daram khökh zegne 'darkblue-spined bullfinch'. As noted elsewhere, ᠵᠡᠭᠨᠡ зэгнэ zegne is possibly an error for ᠵᠠᠨᠠ зана zan.
Pyrrhula pyrrhula cineracea, the Baikal Bullfinch is treated as a separate species in the Mongolian list: Бор Зана bor zan 'dun bullfinch'. The Kazakh name is Боз суықторғай boz swıq-torğai 'dun cold-sparrow'.
Carduelis carduelis caniceps, the Crowned or Himalayan Goldfinch, is treated as a separate species in the Mongolian list. It is known as Буурал бужиранга buural bujiraŋg 'greyish fringillid (variant)' in the modern binomial list, Буурал бужирга buural bujirag 'greyish fringillid' in the older list, and Бозбас пайыз boz-bas payız 'dun-headed goldfinch' in the Kazakh list.
The name given in the Inner Mongolian list contains one seeming error and one neologism. The word written ᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳᠣ ангиад angiad appears to be an error for ᠨᠠᠩᠭᠢᠶᠠᠳᠣ нангиад nangiad 'Chinese', which in the Mongolian list is used for Carduelis sinica (Chloris sinica). The word ᠨᠣᠭᠣᠯᠵᠢ ноголж nogolj (reading provisional) is not found in dictionaries.
中国鸟类种和亚种分类名录大全（修订版） 郑作新 著 科学出版社 北京 2000年
A Complete Checklist of Species and Subspecies of the Chinese Birds (Revised Edition) by Cheng Tso-Hsin, Science Press, Beijing 2000
中国鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2005年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of China Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2005
中国鸟类野外手册（中文版）约翰・马敬能、卡伦・菲利普斯，合作者：荷芬奇，翻译：卢和芬 湖南教育出版社 长沙 2000年
A Field Guide to the Birds of China (Chinese translation) by John MacKinnon, Karen Phillipps, in collaboration with He Fen-qi, translated by Lu Hefen, Hunan Jiaoyu Chubanshe (Hunan Educational Press) Changsha 2000
世界鸟类分类与分布名录 主编：郑光美 科学出版社 北京 2002年
A Checklist on the Classification and Distribution of the Birds of the World Chief editor: Zheng Guangmei, Science Press, Beijing 2002
世界鸟类名称（拉丁文、汉文、英文对照）第二版 郑作新等 科学出版社 北京 2002年
Birds of the World (Latin, Chinese and English Names) 2nd ed. by Cheng Tso-Hsin et al, Science Press, Beijing 2002
A Dictionary of Vertebrate Animals of Mongolia (Монгол орны сээртэн амьтдын нэрсийн толь) by GOMBOBAATAR Sundev Bodonguud, Mongolian Ornithological Society Zoological Society of London, Ulaanbaatar 2009
汉蒙名词术语分类词典（自然科学部分） Mongolian (Cyrillic): Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь (байгалийн шинжлэх ухааны бүлэг) (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary, natural sciences part) by 《汉蒙名词术语分类词典》编纂委员会 Mongolian (Cyrillic): "Хятад Монгол нэр томъёоны зүйл хуваасан толь" найруулах комисс (Chinese-Mongolian classified terminological dictionary editorial committee), Inner Mongolian People's Press, Hohhot 1990
内蒙古动物志 (第四卷 鸟纲 雀形目) Fauna Inner Mongolia (Volume 4 Aves Passerines), 主编：旭日干 (Chief Editor: Xurigan), 内蒙古人大学版社 (Inner Mongolian University Press), Hohhot 2015
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